6. Hardman-Gallaher

Children of Albert Christopher Hardman and Lucy J. Gallher

Albert and Lucy Hardman and the Hardman boys, circa 1891 Royden (8), Carroll (6), William (4), Owen (6 mo on Lucy's lap) Wetherall Family Collection

0. Albert Christopher Hardman is usually said to have been born in 1860. The documentary evidence is ambivalent but favors my hypothesis that he was born in 1861. See Chronology of Hardman-Gallaher family through censuses for a look at the evidence and my argument.
   1. Lucy Jane Gallaher was born on 7 December 1864 in Umatilla, Oregon, the 4th child and 2nd daughter of Joseph M. Gallaher and Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher. She is "Luca" and "Lucinda" on some records. The 1870 census shows Lucy (5) living with her parents, J.W. and Mary Gallaher, in Walla Walla in Washington Territory.
   2. Albert and Lucy were married in Umatilla County, Oregon, on 13 October 1881. The 1900 census shows them living on Central Ridge in Nez Perce County in Idaho.
   3. Lucy died at her home on Central Ridge on 20 Feburary 1904 and was buried on 24 February 1904 in Central Ridge Cemetery between the Hardman homestead on Central Ridge and Steele.
      1. The post office for Central Ridge was in Steele, a stop on the road toward Nez Perce. The settlement had a general store, church, and school for Central Ridge families. Central Ridge and the cemetery, and Steele, were orginally part of Nez Perce County but became part of newly created Lewis County in 1911.
1. Nothing more is known about the circumstances of Bertha's birth and death. An image of her headstone is shown below.
2. Royden "Roy" Leslie Hardman's middle name is "Lessly" or "Lesley" on some family history accounts, including those in handwritten notes in the Wetherall Family Collection.
   Roy married Nellie Vienna Williams (1888-1970) on 19 November 1905 (license 16 November 1905). As registered in Nez Perce (later Lewis) County, groom and bride were both of Steele, a no longer extant town associated with Central Ridge, where the Hardman family farmed. The couple had a son, Leslie Clayton Hardman (1907-1983), who appears to have been born in California after they divorced (see below).
   Roy then married Mary Louise [Louisa] Gallaher (1892-1945) of Kamiah, at Kamiah, on 1 March 1912 (license 28 February 1912, filed 2 March 1912). They had 11 children according to records in Wetherall Family Collection.
   "Mary Luca Hardman" (death certificate) died of cancer ("carcinoma of stomach") on 21 January 1945.
   "Royden L. Hardman" died on 3 April 1950 of heart failure -- "probable coronary thrombosis" as "Disease or Condition Directly Leading to Death" with 6-month interval between onset and death.
   Roy and Mary are buried with separate headstones of similar design at Weseman Cemetery in Orofino, Idaho.
3. Carrol "Carl" Percy Hardman is "Carroll" in some notes. He married Ina ("Ina Lou" according to Orene Hardman) McArthur (1908-1993) on 27 August 1927 in Wanatchee, Chelan County, Washington.
   Carrol and Ina had four children, including (1) Ina Marthalou Hardman (later Mason) (1928-2017), born 5 April 1928, (2)(3) twin girls who died on the day of their birth in 1934 in Leavenworth, Washington, and (4) Carol Marie Hardman (1937-1969), who was born in Leavenworth in 1937 and died in 1969 at Medical Lake in Washington, a state institution for people with mental difficulties (Golding 1995, pages 284-285, and personal correspondence received on 12 April 2022 from Ina Marthalou (Hardman) Mason's son Howard Mason).
   Carrol briefly enlisted in the U.S. Army on 5 July 1916 and was discharged on 26 January 1917.
   Ina was was born 7 October 1908 in Lolo, Missoula County, Massachusetts, and died in Sacramento, California on 30 August 1993.
   Carrol was buried in 1955 with a metal marker in the Central Ridge Cemetery, where his parents and half-brother Lloyd, but none of his siblings or other Hardmans, are buried. Ina was probably instrumental in arranging to have him buried there, as by then new burials at the cemetery had become very rare. She, too, was exceptionally buried there, probably in accordance with her own arrangements.
4. William "Bill" Albert Hardman married Florence Burns on 22 November 1904 (Golding 1994, page 1979) in Steele. They had a daughter, Ethel, in 1907, but Ethel died within two years of a tumor. William and Florence divorced, and he remarried Edna Ellen Pearson (1892-1975), then 28, on 10 June 1910. They had two children, Albert Francis Hardman (1912–1988) and Lorna Delia (Hardman) Garrison (1918–2005). Bill and Edna divorced by 1937 when she remarried Elmer A. Puryear (1894-1956). Bill died on 8 April 1967 in Lewiston of a "Myocardial Infarct". He is buried in Lewis-Clark Memorial Gardens in Lewiston, as are Edna and Elmer.
5. Owen Monroe Hardman was "Owen" to everyone but at times, such as on a ring, he used the initials "O.M.H." He married Ullie May Hunter (1891-1980) on 2 April 1910. Her family, like his, had also homesteaded on Central Ridge, and she and Owen had probably met at the school or church in Steele. She boarded in Kendrick while going to high school. He barely finished the 6th grade, and letters and postcards he wrote later in life reflect the grammar and spelling of someone who was semi-literate. See the "Hardman-Hunter" family page for details about their lives.
0. Albert Hardman married "Mrs. Jennie M. Shepperson" on 11 February 1906 in Douglas County, WA, pursuant to a marriage license issued on 9 February (marriage certificate). Jennie was born Jennie May Baker on 1 July 1885 in Missouri (Golding 1995, page 284, gives 1886).
   Albert was nearly 46 and Jennie was not yet 21 when they married. As "Mrs." implies, it was a re-marriage for Jennie. She had wed J. M. [Jacob Malcolm] Stepperson on 28 November 1901 in Douglas County, WA, pursuant to a marriage license issued on 25 November. A son, John William Stepperson, was born on 6 September 1902 but died within 3 months.
6. Lloyd Hardman lived less than one year. His birth and death dates are based on descriptions of his headstone in Central Ridge Cemetery.
7. Emma is a bit of an enigma. A formal portrait of Albert with Jennie and their daughter Emma survives in the Wetherall-Hardman family collection of photographs (see below). Orene (Hardman) Wetherall, when explaining the portrait to this writer (her son) around 2000, said Owen's half sister Emma was "the bane of Babe and Almeda's life" and that she "disappeared in her teens." She also related that Emma had married a man named Jacobson and they had a son but then separated. She did not mention that Albert and Jennie had also had a son who had died in infancy.
   The 1920 census shows Albert, Jennie, and Emma living in Juliatta, Idaho.
   The 1930 census, enumerated one year after Albert's death in 1929, shows Jennie Hardman, 44, living as a widow in Lewiston, with a grandson, Donald Jacobson, 2 years 7 months. Emma is not listed as living with them.
   The 1940 census shows Jennie, 54, married to Edward I. Wickersham, 69, a farmer, living in Arrow, Idaho.
   1. Jennie was born Jennie May Baker on 1 July 1885, the daughter of William M. Baker (1856-1934) and Laura (Smith) Baker (1868-1942). She married Jacob Malcolm Shepperson (1874-1917), then Albert C. Hardman (1860-1929), and then Isaac Edwin Wickersham (1870-1946). Edwin, born in Kansas on 27 December 1870, died in Lewiston on 27 March 1946. Jennie died just half a year later on 26 October 1946, also in Lewiston. They are buried under a common headstone at Normal Hill Cemetery in Lewiston. Emma

Gallaher sisters, Nellie (L), Lucy (M), Amy (R), 1880s Cropped from Golding 1995, page 193 (Mary Repp)	Albert Christopher Hardman, circa 1890s (Wetherall Family photo) The brown photo of Owen and his mother is a 300dpi scan of an original print that measures 3.2x3.0 centimeters. On the back is written "To Billy [me] from Grandma [Ullie Hardman]". The grain is so fine that even 600dpi does not reach the limit of its resolution,
Owen Hardmen with his mother Lucy, 1890s (Wetheral Family Photo)

Albert and Lucy Hardman

The few photographs that survive of the Hardman boys and their parents support testimony (see "Wagon trains" below) that Owen took after his mother, who traits were those of what relatives called "black Irish" -- darker hair and a propensity to tan. But Owen also shares his mothers eyes.

Lucy's autograph books

two of Lucy's autograph books survive, and they include some very touching entries from her family, in particular her husband Albert Hardman and her son Owen. See Lucy Hardman's autograph books (Below).

Hardman boys

Albert Christopher Hardman fathered 7 children, 5 with his first wife Lucy Jane Gallaher, and 2 with his 2nd wife Jennie May (Baker) Shepperson (later Wickersham).

Albert and Lucy Hardman lost their first child, Bertha A. Hardman, on 4 June 1882, the year she was born. They went on to have 4 more children, all boys.

Bertha A. Hardman (1882-1882)
Royden Leslie Hardman (1883-1950)
Carroll Percy Hardman (1885-1955)
William Albert Hardman (1887-1967)
Owen Monroe Hardman (1890-1949)

Owen, the youngest, was my maternal grandfather, and the namesake for my middle name (William Owen Wetherall), and for the middle names of my son Tsuyoshi Owen Wetherall Sugiyama (born 1982), and my sister's 2nd son Peter Owen Vodonik (born 1983). See Hardman-Hunter family page for more photographs of Owen and details about his life.

The Goldings on the Hardman boys

Joyce M. and George E. Golding summarize the lives of the four Hardman boys as follows in Empire of Cousins or The Gallaher Trail, Bend (Oregon): Maverick Publications, 1995 (pages 185-186). The citation is my transcription from a personal copy given and inscribed to me by George Golding ("Bill / Please enjoy this book about your family / George Golding / March 1998"). I have shown the footnotes in the received text in [brackets]. Other brackted remarks, including the bracketed sub heads, are mine.

Clockwise from top   Roy, Carl, Owen, Bill, circa 1895 Back of photograph dated "1896" corrected to "1895" Wetherall Family photo For Joseph M. Gallaher's family, 1920 was nearly the end of the Idaho chapter. Joseph and Mary Ann, their two eldest sons, Joseph Elmer and Oscar S., and their daughter Lucy [(Gallaher) Hardman], had all died. Those who were living, were scattering. The cross-over link between Joseph M. Gallaher's family and Edward Lincoln's branch was thriving. [ Royden Hardman ] Roy and Mary (Gallaher) Hardman had five children by 1920, and six more would be born, Dorcas Lora, Edith Agnes, Ruby Leona, Eunice Ila, Ula May, and Ada Lee. [Note 563 -- Hardman family group sheets, courtesy of Ina (Hardman) Mason, Tacoma, WA] In 1937, Roy and Mary sold their farm at Peck, and moved to a ranch at Dent, near Orofino. Daughter Dorcas died at nearby Ahsahka in 1939. Mary died of cancer at Orofino in 1945. Ada Lee died at Ahsahka in 1946. Roy died in Orofino in 1950, after a heart attack. [ Carrol Hardman ] Roy's brother Carroll "Carl" Hardman, after serving along the Mexican border in World War I, returned to the northwest. In the apple country near Wenatchee, WA, he met and married Ina McArthur from Montana, in 1927. They had four children, Ina Marthalou, twins who were born and died the same day, un-named, and Carol Marie Hardman. Carol died in 1969 at Medical Lake, WA. Carl died in 1955 in Leavenworth, WA. Ina (McArthur) Hardman died in 1993 in Sacramento, CA. She and her husband are buried in the Hardman family plot in the Central Ridge cemetery in Idaho. Their daughter Ina Hardman married Eugene Merlin Mason in Leavenworth, WA in 1950. They had four children, Ina Marie, Karen Ann, Gwen Loraine, and Howard Bennett Mason. [ William Hardman] William A. Hardman, third son of Lucy (Gallaher) and Albert Hardman, married twice. An only daughter by the first wife, Florence Burns, died, and that marriage ended in divorce. In 1910, he had married Edna Pearson, and they had a son, Albert Francis Hardman, known as "Dick," and a daughter Leona. [Note 564 -- Hardman family group sheets, courtesy of Ina (Hardman) Mason, provided most of the included details of the Hardman family, their names, marriages, children, and other events.] Bill Hardman went to work for the US Forest Service, and died in 1967 at Lewiston, ID of a heart attack six months before his 80th birthday. He and Edna had divorced. She died in East Wenatchee, WA in 1975. Their son "Dick," a steelworker who had worked on all the major dams along the Columbia, died in East Wenatchee in 1988. [ Owen Hardman ] Lucy (Gallaher) and Albert Hardman's fourth son, Owen, farmed near Peck and Steele, ID, most of his life. He died in San Francisco, CA in 1949, and was buried at Lewiston. At Peck, his wife Ullie had been a member of the school board and active in the Parents and Teachers Association. After his death she moved to Lewiston and became a bookkeeper for the Idaho State Liquor Dispensary. She was active in the Business and Professional Women, the Luna House Historical Society, and the United Methodist Church. She died in Lewiston in 1980, 89 years of age. [Note 565 -- From published obituary in a Lewiston, ID newspaper at time of her death.] The first of Owen and Ullie's two daughters, Ullie Adeline Hardman, married Howard Dammarell, and then Ralph W. Emerson. There were two children by Emerson. Ullie Emerson died in 1983 in Yakima, WA. Owen and Ullie's second daughter, Orene "Bug" Hardman, married San Francisco attorney William B. Wetherall, who later moved his practice to Grass Valley, CA. There are three children [this writer William Owen Wetherall, my brother Jerry Alan Wetherall, and my sister Mary Ellen (Wetherall) Zweig].

Ina Hardman's family worksheets

This writer, Bill Wetherall, also has copies of Ina Hadman's worksheets, which she gave to my mother, Orene (Hunter) Hardman. I also have several hand-written lists of family members with birth and death dates, and names of spouses and offspring, made over the years by Ullie (Hunter) Hardman, who began compiling Hardman family data no later than Owen Hardman's death in 1949. I received copies of some of the earlier notes as early as the 1960s, when I began to take an interest in family history. My impression, from my mother's stories, is that Ina -- while she did quite a bit of work organizing what she knew about the Hardman family through her marriage to Owen's brother Carrol -- got most of her primary data from Ullie, the keeper of both the Hunter and Hardman family keys. It is through Ullie that some important Hardman family heirlooms, including Lucy (Gallaher) Hardman's autograph book and an overland trunk Albert Christopher Hardman's mother Jane (Calvert) Hardman brought across the plains from Iowa to Oregon in the 1860s, became part of the Wetherall Family Collection.

See The German question below for more about Ina Hardman and her daughter Ina Mason.

Marriage of Roy L. Hardman and Nellie Williams Both of Steele, Nez Perce County, Idaho On 19 November 1905, at A.J. McKay (?) [residence] in Nez Perce County, Idaho Witnessed by J. M. Williams and Albert C. Hardman Copped and cropped from Ancestry.com

Marriage of Roy L. Hardman and Mary Gallaher He of Peck, Nez Perce County, she of Harrisburg, Idaho County On 1 March 1912, at Kamiah in Lewis County, Idaho In presence of Emory [C.] Lathorp and J. [James] O. Hathaway Copped from Ancestry.com

Royden L. Hardman's Death Certificate Died 3 April 1950 in Dent, Clearwater County, Idaho Of "Probable Coronary Thrombosis" Copped from Ancestry.com

Memorial Service for Royden L. Hardman Buried in Weseman Cemetery, Orofino, Idaho Wetherall Family Collection

Royden Leslie Hardman (1883-1950)

Birth and names

Roy Hardman was born in Oregon and raised in Idaho as the 2nd of 5 children and 1st of 4 sons of Lucy J. (Gallaher) Hardman and Albert C. Hardman. Whether his middle name was "Lesslie" as shown on this memorial when transferred to this writer (Bill Wetherall) -- or "Leslie" or "Lessly" or "Lesley" as it appears on some family history accounts, including those in handwritten notes in the Wetherall Family Collection -- has not been confirmed.

Two marriages, 12 children

Roy Hardman married twice and fathered 12 children, 1 by his 1st wife Nellie Vienna Williams, 11 by his 2nd wife Mary Louisa Gallaher.

Nellie Vienna Williams

Roy married Nellie Vienna Williams (1888-1970) on 19 November 1905 (license 16 November 1905). As registered in Nez Perce (later Lewis) County, groom and bride were both of Steele, a no longer existing post town associated with Central Ridge, where the Hardman family farmed. The couple had a son, Leslie Clayton Hardman (1907-1983), who appears to have been born in California after they divorced (date unknown).

Royden's child with Nellie Williams

Leslie Clayton Hardman was born in California on 9 May 1907 and died in Placer County on 25 December 1983. His last residence appears to have been in Rescue in neighboring El Dorado County.

The 1910 Census for Campbell township in Santa Clara County in California shows Nellie V. Hardman, 22, widowed [sic], living with her parents and a 3-year-old son, Leslie C. Hardman. She was reportedly born in Washington to a Pennsylvania-born father and Iowa-born mother. Her son was reportedly born in California to an Oregon-born father and Washington-born mother.

The 1920 census for San Jose in Santa Clara County in California shows Nellie remarried to Frank L. Thomas. The 1st listed child is Hardman Leslie C. but "Hardman" has been struck out, presumably because Leslie was to be treated as a "Thomas" rather than a "Hardman" son. But later records show that he remained "Hardman". The 2nd and 3rd children are listed as Thomas Desmond M. (1911-1972) and Thomas Arlie M. (1915-1972).

The 1930 Census for the Thomas family and Leslie Hardman has not been found.

The 1940 census for Watsonville in Santa Cruz County in California shows Nellie (52) still married to La Roi Thomas (5) with Leslie C. Hardman (32) as his stepson. All have only 8th grade educations and Leslie is still single. The 4th member in the household is Doris Pennington (24), a servant with a high school education. La Roi is a laborer on a farm, Leslie is a truck driver on a farm, and Doris is doing house work in a private family. Later records show that Leslie and Doris were married, and they appear to have had at least one child, Joanne Marie Hardman (1953-2009).

Nellie was born on 17 January 1888, possibly in Iowa rather than in Washington. She died in California on 20 Jun 1970, and she is buried in Pajaro Valley Memorial Park in Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, California.

Leslie died in Placer County on 25 December 1983. His last known address was in Rescue in neighboring El Dorado County. His wife, Doris Mae (Pennington) Hardman, born on 11 May 1912 in Los Angeles, California, died on 19 June 1997 in Alameda, California.

Mary Louise Gallaher

Roy then married his 3rd cousin, Mary Louise Gallaher (1892-1945) of Kamiah, at Kamiah, on 1 March 1912 (license 28 February 1912, filed 2 March 1912). They had 11 children according to records in the Wetherall Family Collection.

Royden's 11 children with Mary Louisa Gallaher

Mary gave birth to 11 children -- 3 sons and 8 daughters -- between 1912 and 1932. This is roughly 1 child every 1 year and 10 months. Families of 8-12 children, spread over 20 years or so, were fairly common in earlier times. But by the time Mary and Roy began their family, such large broods were becoming unusual even among farm families. As it was, 3 of the Hardman children died within 2 years, 6 years, and 8 years of their births -- none of them of infectious diseases.

 1. Edward Christopher (Woodland 1912-1986)
 2. Celia Laura [Ove] (Orofino 1914-1971)
 3. Owen Arthur (Peck 29 Feb 1916 - 15 Aug 1954 "struck by log")
 4. Elffie Lucille [Smith] (Juliaetta 1919-1987)
 5. Kedrick Ronald (Myrtle 19 Aug 1920 -- 9 Aug 1922 "septic endocarditis")
 6. Dorcas Lora (Orofino 22 Dec 1922 – 14 Oct 1939 "appendicitis")
 7. Edith Agnes [Burton] (Orofino [Myrtle] 8 Mar 1923 - 21 Feb 1980)
 8. Ruby Leona [Holmes] (Orofino 22 Dec 1924 - 28 Jan 1998)
 9. Eunice Illa (Orofino 20 Jul 1926 - 8 Jun 2001)
10. Ula May "Judy" [Alden] (1929–1995)
11. Ada Lee (Adalee) (12 Aug 1932 – 22 Jun 1941 "malignant endocarditis")

Residences

Roy and Mary appear to have farmed in Orofino, Peck, and Dent. The Goldings write that "In 1937, Roy and Mary sold their farm at Peck, and moved to a ranch at Dent, near Orofino" (Empire of Cousins, 1995, page 185).

Death and burial

"Mary Luca Hardman" (death certificate) died of cancer ("carcinoma of stomach") 5 years before Roy died of heart failure ("probable coronary thrombosis"). They are buried with separate headstones of similar design at Weseman Cemetery in Orofino, Idaho.

Kedrick Ronald Hardman (1920-1922)

Born in Myrtle, Nez Perce County, Idaho, on 19 August 1920 and died on 9 August 1922 of septic endocarditis -- infectious pus from a bee.

Carl and Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman Marriage portrait, 27 August 1927 Photo copped and cropped from Golding, Empire of Cousins, 1995

Certificate of Marriage Carrol P. Hardman and Ina McArthur Winachee, Chelan County, Washington, 27 August 1927 Copped from Ancestry.com

Carroll Percy Hardman (1885-1955)

Carl Hardman was born 23 July 1885 to Albert and Lucy Hardman during their residence in Adams in Umatilla County in Oregon.

Carl Hardman was born on 23 July 1885 in Oregon. Ina McArthur was born on 7 October 1908 in Montana. He had just turned 42 and she was still 18 when they married in Washington on 27 August 1927. Ina Hardman's father-in-law, my maternal grandfather's father, Albert Christopher Hardman, would die two years later, and his father had died in the 1860s.

Carl Hardman died in Leavenworth, Washington, in 1955, and Ina had him buried in Central Ridge Cemetery, which by then had all but been abandoned and was rarely used for new burials. She died in Sacramento, California, in 1993, and was buried with him.

Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman

Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman (1908-1993) was born in Montana on 7 October 1908 and died in Sacramento, California on 30 Aug 1993.

Ina Lou is 1-year old in the 1910 census for Hells Gate Township in Missoula County in Montana, in the household of her father Scott W. [Walter] McArthur (33) [1877-1944], a farmer, mother Stella M. [Martha Irwin] McArthur (24) [1885-1969], and a younger sister, Etta L. (1/12 year). She is 11 in the 1920 census for Olalla Precinct in Chelan County, Washington.

Ina Lou married Carrol "Carl" Hardman in 1927. The 1930 census for La Habra City, in Orange County, California shows her as "Ina" (21), married when 18 to "Carrol P. Hardman" (35) when 32, and their daughter "Ina M." (2-1/12). Carl was a "laborer" in an "oil field".

Ina Lou is "Ina" (31) in the 1940 census for Leavenworth, Chelan County, Washington. "Carrol P. Hardman" (49) is a "Laborer" on a "Fruit farm". Two daughters are listed -- "Ina Marthalou" (11) and "Carole Marie" (2). Carl has completed high school, Ina Lou the 8th grade, and Ina Marthalou the 6th grade.

Falling between the 1930 and 1940 censuses was Carl's and Ina Lou's 2nd daughter, Genevieve Hardman, who died the day she was born on 17 February 1934 in Leavenworth, Chelan County, Washington.

Ina Lou's sister, Etta Lida McArthur (1910–1957), died in Seattle, Washington.

A military record transcription shows that "Carrol Hardman", born 23 July 1885, died 28 February 1955 of natural causes, served in the Army from 5 July 1916 to 26 January 1917. This was during the "World War" or "Great War" later known as "World War I" (1914-1918). I have no information regarding his postings or duties.

See The German question (below) for more about Carl Hardman.

Owen (left) and Bill Hardman, before 1910 Wetherall Family photo	Note on back by Owen's wife Ullie Hardman Wetherall Family photo
Marriage of William A. Hardman and Florence G. Burns Both of Steele, Nez Perce County, Idaho On 22 November 1905, at home of the bride in Nez Perce County, Idaho Witnessed by Mrs. Dora J. Burns and Albert C. Hardman Copped and cropped from Ancestry.com
Marriage of William Hardman and Edna Pearson, 25 June 1910 Witnessed by James H. Kaylor and C.A. Smith Copped and cropped from Ancestor.com
William Albert Hardman's 5 June 1917 military service registration card Registered at Steele on Central Ridge in Lewis County by Cora M. Steele Copped and cropped from Ancestor.com
William A. Hardman's death certificate informed by daughter Lorna D. Garrison Lorna remembers who paternal grandfather's name as only "Lucinda" Copped and cropped from Ancestor.com

William Albert Hardman (1887-1967)

William Albert Hardman was known as both "Bill" and "Albert" in the family. As the 3rd of the 4 Hardman brothers, he was the closest to Owen in age and apparently also socially.

Bill Hardman in censuses

The 1920 Census for Orofino, Clearwater County, Idaho shows William Hardman (33), a farmer on a farm, with his wife Edna (27), son Albert (7), daughter Lorna (2), and brother "Coral" [Carrol] Hardman (36), a carpenter at a house.

The 1930 census for Wenatchee, Chelan County, Washington, shows "Dick F. Hardman" (17) as a lodger in the Sherman household, employed as a mechanics helper at a retail hardware. "Dick" is Bill Hardman's son Albert F. Hardman.

The 1940 census for Leavenworth, Chelan County, Washington, shows Albert F. Hardman (27) with 2 years of high school employed by the government in the forest service, Albert's wife Alma A. Hardman (17) with 3 years of high school, their daughter Sandra D. Hardman (1), and William Hardman (52), Albert's father, with 4 years of high school, widowed and working for the forest service for government.

Bill's families

William "Bill" Albert Hardman married twice. He first married Florence Burns on 22 November 1905 in Steele (see Marriage Certificate to right, and Golding 1994, page 1979). They had a daughter, Ethel, in 1907, but Ethel died within two years of a tumor, and William and Florence divorced.

Bill then married Edna Ellen Pearson, 28, on 10 June 1910 in Peck, in Nez Perce County, Idaho (Marriage Index, and Golding 1995, page 181) They had 2 children, Albert Frances Hardman (1912–1988) and Lorna Delia Hardman (1918–2005).

Albert Frances Hardman was born around 10:45 a.m. on 12 October 1912 near Orofino to William A. Hardman and Edna Ellen Pearson. He died at his home in East Wenatchee, in Douglas County, Washington, on 16 August 1988, and is buried in Evergreen Memorial Park in East Wenatchee. His headstone reads "Dick F. Hardman".

Lorna Delia Hardman was born on 11 January 1918 in Peck. She married Kansas-born Joseph Guy Garrison (1916–1998) and they had 3 children, Juanita Arlene (Garrison) Swensen (16 Nov 1938 - 11 Jun 2007), Patricia Jo (Garrison) (Baker) Schmidt (1950-2002), and Larry Garrison.

Lorna died on 15 May 2005 in Othello, Adams County, Washington, and is buried at Bess Hampton Memorial Gardens in Othello.

Patricia, a licensed practical nurse, married Twin Falls, Idaho-born Roger Michael Barker, a student, on 12 July 1969, persuant to a license applied for on 2 July and Issued on 7 July in Whitman County, Washington. The license affidavit was witnessed by Patricia's mother -- "Mrs. Joe G. Garrison" [Lorna Delia Hardman], who testifed as follows (my highlighting).

I am personally acquainted with [groom's name and residence] and [bride's name and residence] applicants for a marriage license; that I know the former [groom] to be above the age of twenty-one years and the latter [bride] to be above the age of eighteen years; that neither of said persons is an habitual criminal or bears any relationship to each other nearer than that of second cousin, and I know of no legal impediments to their marriage, and residences given by the applicants are bona fide.

1917 draft registration

Forthcoming.

Bill and Roy

Roy and Bill, the 1st and 3rd of the 4 Hardman boys, were the first to marry, and they married only a few days apart in 1905. Bill and Florence applied for their license to marry on 20 November 1905, 4 days after Roy and Nellie applied for their license. And Bill and Florence married on 22 November, 3 days after Roy and Nellie married (see above).

Bill's marriage is recorded immediately below Roy's on the same page of the same Nez Perce County ledger. And the marriages were filed for record at the same time on the same day -- 1:45 pm on 24 November 1905.

Albert C. Hardman signed the certificates as a witness to both marriages, in different homes on Central Ridge, known as Steele, the name of the postoffice on the road that climbed to the ridge from Peck, and ran along the top of the ridge toward Nez Perce, the seat of Nez Perce county. Whether all the paperwork was done in Nez Perce,, where people's addresses were in the postal town of Stithese first marriages of his 1st and 3rd sons in November 1905.both marriages.

Bill and Owen

William Albert or "Bill" is the only brother shown with Owen in the photographs his Owen's wife Ullie (Hunter) Hardman kept after his death in 1949 -- the 1st of the Hardmon brothers to die. His 2 oldest brothers died shortly after in 1950 and 1955. Albert, outliving them all by 12 years, die in 1967.

Ullie, during the 1970s, made notes on the backs of several of the photographs she had kept. One shows Owen and Bill hamming it up at a photo studio or in a booth at a fair (right).

The back of the photograph shows that it was printed on the back of a postcard. While possible that the postcard was cut in half after the printing, the composition suggests that it was printed on half a postcard. In other words, paper for printing photographs included postcard stock, which was popular for printing personalized postcards. But the card stock could be cut for printing smaller photographs.

Ullie remarks in 1971 that Owen and Bill were "now dead -- Owen of cancer, and" <unfinished> [Bill of a heart attack.]

"William Albert"

Ullie's brother-in-law William Albert Hardman was "Bill" and her brother William Albert Hunter was "Albert" to their family and friends.

Owen Hardman, about 6 months old, fall 1890 Wetherall Family photo

Wetherall Family Collection

Wetherall Family Collection

Wetherall Family Collection

Wetherall Family Collection

Wetherall Family Collection

Wetherall Family Collection

Owen Monroe Hardman (1890-1949)

Owen Hardman
Born: 21 March 1890 (Fairfield, Washington)
Passing: 24 August 1949 (San Francisco, California)
Service: 30 August 1949 (Peck, Idaho)
Commital: Normal Hill Cemetry (Lewiston, Idaho)
Blake Funeral Home, Orofino, Idaho
Memorial service

See Hardman-Hunter and related families for more about Owen.

Gallery and other details forthcoming.

To be continued.

Top left Albert and Jennie Hardman Wedding portrait, 1906 Wetherall [Wetherall-Hardman] Family photo Top right Albert, Jennie, and Emma Hardman Family portrait, circa late 1910s Wetherall [Wetherall-Hardman] Family photo Top right Someone with someone Formal portrait, late 1900s, early 1910s Copped from Ancestor.com The photograph of the man and the woman to the right, and crops of their faces, are floating around Ancestry.com. setinhere1968 (Spokane, Washington), who claims to have "originally shared [the photograph] on 29 Aug 2009", describes the photo as being of "Royden Hardman and Jennie". Others who have copied the photo to their family trees claim that it shows Royden Hardman and his wife Mary Louisa Gallaher. And numerous family trees show crops from this photo as the faces "Royden" and "Mary". I contend the photo is of Royden's father, Albert Christopher Hardman, and Albert's 2nd wife, Jennie (Baker) Shepperson (later Wickersham).
Above Certificate of Marriage of Jennie M. Baker and J. M. Shepperson On 25 November 1901 at Waterville, Douglas County, Washington In the presence of [...] and Anna Nelson Copped from Ancestor.com
Below Certificates of Marriage of Mrs. Jennie M. Shepperson and Albert C. Hardman On 11 February 1906 at the bride's home in Douglas County, Washington In the presence of David Corderman and Dr. James F. Leslie Copped from Ancestor.com

John William Shepperson's Birth Return Born 6 September 1902 in Waterville, Washington Filed 15 October by father Copped from Ancestor.com

Jennie and Emma Hardman

Albert Hardman's second family

My mother, Louida Orene (Hardman) Wetherall, as the daughter of Owen Hardman, Albert Hardman's 4th son and successor to the Hardman ranch on Central Ridge, was born and raised in the Hardman home after Albert remarried. Emma, born in 1909, was 4 years old when my mother was born in 1913, and Orene and her older sister Ullie Adeline Hardman, born in 1911, grew up with their older half-sister.

The 1900 census for Waterville, Washington, shows Jennie May Baker, 14, living with her parents. Jennie married Jacob Malcolm Shepperson (1874-1917) in Waterville on 28 November 1901. As she was born on 1 July 1885, she was 16 when she married, and 17 when she bore her 1st son, John William Stepperson, on 6 September 1902, in Midland, Washington. But within 3 months, the boy would die from a bronchial croup. His headstone, in Fletcher Cemetery, states that he died on 25 November 1902 and had lived 2 months and 19 days.

Why Jennie and Jacob divorced is not clear. But a certificate of marriage issued by Douglas County, Washington shows that "Mrs. Jennie M. Shepperson" married "Albert C. Hardman" on 11 February 1906, pursuant to a marriage license issued on 9 February. Jennie was 20 and Albert was a week shy of 46 at the time.

By 23 May 1907 Jennie had given birth to Lloyd Hardman. But Lloyd would die on 27 April 1908, a month shy of his 1st birthday. He was buried in Central Ridge Cemetery.

Jennie gave birth to Emma M. Hardman on 20 October 1909.

The 1910 census for Central Ridge shows Albert C. Hardman 49, head of household, with his wife Jennie M. 24, his sons Coral P. 24, William A. 22, and Owen 20, a daughter Emma M. 6 months, and a daughter-in-law Ullie M. 19.

Ullie was the recent bride of Albert's youngest son, Owen, who unlike his brothers had a reputation as a hard and reliable worker. Owen's mother, Albert's 1st wife, Lucy, had died in 1904, and by 1906 he had remarried Jennie.

The 1920 census for Juliaetta shows Albert Hardman 58, head of household, with his wife Jennie. 34, and their daughter Emma, 10.

Emma is listed in 1925 yearbook for Lewiston High School. By the mid 1920s, however, she had married Raymond J. Jacobson (1907-1936), and on 28 October 1927 she bore a son, Donald Raymond Jacobson. Donald died on 10 March 1988 and is buried in Normal Hill Cemetery in Lewiston. His father died on 9 July 1936 in Oregon and is buried in Civil bend Cemetery in Winston, Doublas County, in Oregon.

Albert died on 12 September 1929, and the 1930 census shows Jennie still living in the Lewiston home where she and Albert had settled. Emma's son Donald, but not Emma, is recorded as living with her.

By the mid 1930s, Jennie had married Issac Edwin Wickersham, who was born in Kansas on 27 December 1870, and had had several children in a previous marriage.

The 1940 census shows Jennie, 54, married to Edward I. Wickersham, 69, a farmer, living in Arrow, Idaho. He died in Lewiston on 27 March 1946. She died just half a year later on 26 October 1946, also in Lewiston. They are buried under a common headstone at Normal Hill Cemetery in Lewiston. The headstone states they died in 1947.

Chronology of Hardman-Gallaher family through censuses

Top  

Albert Hardman's birth

Of the 4 federal censuses that include Albert Christopher, the 1st (1870), the 3rd (1910), and the 4th (1920) are consistent with a hypothesis of birth in 1861. The 2nd (1900) states "1860", and an obituary gives an age at time of death that suggests 1861.

The 1860 census for Bloomfield Township, Davis County, Iowa -- enumerated 13 June 1860 for household residence as of 1 June 1860 -- shows Jane Calvert (18) and George Calvert (15), both born in New Brunswick, as the children of Thomas Calvert (60), born in Maine, and Mariah Calvert (57), born in New Brunswick.

Another sheet of the same 1860 census for Bloomfield shows Thomas Calvert (30), farmer, born in St. Johns Br. N. A. [British North America = Canada] with Phebe [Phoebe] (23), born in Ohio, and 3 children, John (6) born in Ohio, Maria E. (3) born in Illinois, and Louisa (1) born in Iowa. Thomas is Jane's older brother.

The July 1870 census for Walla Walla postal precint in Washington Territory shows the following Calvert and McBride families listed successively.

Dwelling 333, Family 339
Calvert Thos (42), farmer, Br. N. A. [British North America = Canada], mother foreign born
  "   Phoebe [Phebe] (35), keeping house, Ohio
  "   John (15), farm hand, Ohio, father foreign born
  "   Maria (14), Ill., father foreign born
  "   Louisa (12), Ill., father foreign born
  "   David (6), Iowa, father foreign born
  "   Elipha (4), W.T. [Washington Territory], father foreign born
  "   Samuel (3), W.T., father foreign born
Dwelling 334, Family 340
Calvert Geo. (23), farmer, Ohio, mother foreign born
  "   Eliza (14), keeping house, Oregon
  "   Loretta (6/12), W.T.
Dwelling 335, Family 341
McBride M.C. (39), farmer, Ireland, father and mother foreign born
  "   Jane (28), keeping house, Ohio, mother foreign born
  "   Albert (9), Iowa, father foreign born
  "   Edgar (5), W.T. father foreign born
  "   John (4), W.T. father foreign born
Dwelling 336, Family 342
Calvert Maria (66), keeping house, Br. N. A., father and mother foreign born
Andrews Thos (43), farm hand, N.C. [North Carolina]

What can be deciphered from this data?

1. Thomas Calvert, George Calvert, and Jane [Calvert] McBride are children of Maria Calvert.
2. Maria and her son Thomas were born in British North America around 1804 and 1828.
   This Calvert Family was in Ohio when Jane and George were born in 1842 and 1847.
3. George met and married Ohio-born Phoebe in Ohio and their son John was born there in 1855.
   They were living in Illinois when their Louisa and Maria were born in 1856 and 1858.
   They were living in Iowa when David was born in 1866.
4. George's wife Eliza was born in Oregon in 1856.
   They appear to have married when she was about 13 and he was 22.
   Their daughter Lorreta was born in born in Washington Territory the year at the beginning of the year of the 1870 census.
5. Albert was born in Iowa in around 1861.
   This places Jane in Iowa in the early 1860s with her brother Thomas's family.
   The younger McBride children were born in Washington Territory around 1865 and 1866.
   On the surface of the census Albert appears to be McBride's son.
   If Albert is McBrides son, then it appears that McBride was in Ohio or Iowa.
6. But the 1860 census shows M.C. McBride (25), born in Ireland, farming by himself, on his own land, in Walla Walla, Washington Territory.
7. Perhaps Albert is Jane's son by another father who for whatever reason did not arrive with the Calvert family that appears to have migrated to Washington Territory from Iowa after David Calvert's birth in 1864 and before Edgar's birth in Washington Territory.
8. One version of Jane's relationship with McBride is that she had been widowed when she had been recently widowed when she met him enroute to Washington, that he was somehow involved in the trip. Other accounts of McBride say that he went west in 1958 with the trip

The 1870 census shows M.C. [Michael Corbett] McBride (38), born in Ireland, and Jane [Calvert] [Hardman] (28), born in Ohio, living in Walla Walla, Oregon, with Albert (9), born in Iowa, and Edgar (5) and John (4), both born in Washington Territory. The census was enumerated on 12 July 1870 for residence as of 1 June 1870. Jane's mother, but not her father, is said to have been foreign-born.

The head of the immediately following (neighboring) household is none other than Maria Calvert (66), born in "Br. N.A." (British North America) to a foreign born-father and foreign-born mother.

A hand-written marriage certificate shows that Jane Calvert and Michael McBride married on 23 June 1865. If so, then presumably Albert, who was then 4 years old, was not Michael's biological son.

I have not found Albert in an 1880 census. The 1880 census for Walla Walla, enumerated 29 June 1880 for residence as of 1 June, shows Michael C. McBride (49) and Jane C. McBride (38), with 6 children born ranging in ages from 10 years to 4 months old, all born in W.T. (Washington Territory). Neither Edgar nor John, or Albert, are listed. Michael was born in Ireland to parents born in Ireland. Jane was born in "N.B." (New Brunswick) to parents born in New Brunswick.

Records for the 1890 census (datum 1 June) were destroyed in a fire.

The 1900 census for Central Ridge, enumerated on 5-6 June (datum 1 June), states that Albert was born in "Feb 1860" and was "40" years old. He was born in Iowa, his father in Pennsylvania, and his mother in Canada (not "Ohio" as stated on the 1870 census)

The 1910 census (datum 15 April) for Central Ridge also shows him born in Iowa, to a Pennsylvania-born father and a mother born in New Brunswick [appears to be overstruck] (Can English(?)) [written above]. But this census gives his age at 49 -- which, if he was born in February, implies that he was born in 1861.

Albert, who died in 1929, last appears in the 1920 census for Juliaetta, which was evaluated on 29 January 1920 for residence as of 1 January. Consistent with my hypothesis that he was born in February 1861, and not 1860, his age is given as 48. He was born in Iowa to a Pennsylvania-born father. His mother was born in New Brunswick, and his "Mother tongue" was "English" -- not German. See The German question (below).

An obituary for Albert C. Hardman states he was 69 at the time he died in Lewiston on 12 September 1929. And his headstone at Central Ridge Cemetery states that he was born on 18 February 1860 and died on 12 September 1929, which would make him 69 when he died.

Evaluating the evidence

So how do we evaluate such evidence? Obituaries are notorious for getting ages and other information incorrect, sometimes due to faulty memories of the informants, sometimes because of sloppy publishing. Headstones are subject to the same errors. And census data is also only as good as the information provided by informants, subject to distortion by those who record the information. So no single document of the kind I have cited here is necessarily for reliable than the others.

But one argument favors the 1860 and 1870 censuses above all others. 1870 census is simply too close to Albert's birth for his mother not to remember how old he is. And his absence on the 1860 census, which should have included him if he had been born in February that year, supports the claim in the 1870 census that he is then 9 years old.

The 1870 census data suggests that, if Albert was born after a normal period of gestation, Jane Calvert was probably in her 1st month of pregnancy at the time of the 1860 census. The problem remains -- where was the legendary George Hardman at the time. Perhaps they were not yet married. Perhaps her pregnancy was not yet known.

Or -- if in fact Albert was born in 1860 -- perhaps Jane's parents, presumably the informants, did not wish to report the boy's birth and their daughter's relationship with his father.

Whatever the significance of the 1860 census, the 1870 census suggests that Albert is not Michael's son. That Albert was born in Iowa, and that his mother brought him to Oregon, married Michael McBride, and bore McBride at least 8 children, is true. That the McBride's remained close to Albert Hardman and his wife Lucy, who Albert's step brothers called "sister", is clear from the endorsements of the McBride children in one of Lucy Hardman's autograph books, which are preserved in the Wetherall Family Collection.

While Albert C. Hardman's infancy and childhood are not clearly documented, the dots that we do have -- including several census reports of his birth to a Pennsylvania-born father, presumably reflecting his own testimony -- support the story associated with the trunk that came down in the Hardman family, as one his mother brought to Oregon across the prairies in a wagon train.

Owen Hardman's daughter Orene (Hardman) Wetherall (TL) Carl Hardman's wife Ina Maria (McArthur) Hardman (TR) Orene's 1st cousin once removed Theo (Thomas) Vincent (B) At Wetherall home in Grass Valley, September 1980 Wetherall Family photo

First cousins Owen Hardman's daughter Orene (Hardman) Wetherall (L) Carl Hardman's daughter Ina Marthalou (Hardman) Mason (R) At Wetherall home in Grass Valley, 12 May 1998 Wetherall Family photo

The German question

Ina (Hardman) Mason refers to Ina Marie (Hardman) Mason of Federal Way, WA, one of Joyce and George Golding's informants. Ina Marie was born on 3 June 1951, the first of four children born to Ina Marthalou Hardman and Eugene Merlin Mason. Ina Marthalou was born on 5 April 1928, the 1st of 4 children of Carroll Percy "Carl" Hardman, one of Owen Hardman's older brothers, and Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman (see photograph of Carl and Ina Lou to right). The 2nd and 3rd children, twin girls, Genevieve and Baby Girl (unnamed), died on the day of their births on 14 February 1934 in [Leavenworth] Chelan County, Washington. Their 4th child, Carol Marie Hardman, born 8 June 1937 in Leavenworth, Chelan County, died 29 August 1969 in Medical Lake, Spokane County, Washington. Medical Lake is the home of one of Washington's oldest state asylums. This writer's mother, Orene (Hardman) Wetherall, who Ina Lou often visited, said that Carol was mentally ill.

German descent   Ullie (Hunter) Hardman, this writer's maternal grandmother, the wife of Owen Monroe Hardman, Lucy (Gallaher) Hardman's youngest son, told me that the Hardman family was originally of German descent, and that in the past the name had been spelled "Hardeman" and "Hardemann" in the German manner. She also said that her own natal family name "Hunter" went back to a German "Yaeger" or "Yager" family. She did not, however, substantiate these suppositions. The 1920 census for her own Hardman family on Central Ridge shows "Hardeman" but it was clearly a misspelling -- as were the spellings "Ollie" (sic = Ullie) and "Orine" (sic = Orene) and "Orville" (sic = Orval) on the same census.

Speaking German   Neither my grandmother Ullie, nor my mother Orene, ever spoke of the Hardmans of their generations as speaking German. Ina (Hardman) Mason was born in 1951. Her father Carl died in 1955. Her grandfather Albert Christopher died in 1929, a year after her mother, Ina Lou, was born. Her uncle William Albert would live until 1967, but who could she have heard him speak German with -- assuming she could not have heard her Hardman grandfather or Hardman great-grandfather speak German? Ina Mason merely told the Goldings what her mother, Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman, had told her.

Mother tongue   The 1900 and 1910 censuses for Central Ridge shows Albert C. Hardman born in Iowa to a Pennsylvania-born father and Canada/New Brunswick-born mother. The 1920 census explicitly states that his "Mother tongue" was English. It also shows that the mother tongues of a couple of immediate neighbors was German. So possibly Albert heard some German, and spoke about hearing German, and possibly even picking up a few German words. And possibly talk about this led Ina to remember that Albert "spoke German" at home.

My mother, Orene, didn't much like Ina Lou, because she made a career of her widowhood visiting Hardman relatives and "taking her welcome for granted" as my mother put it. I met Ina Lou a couple of times myself, when she visited us in Grass Valley. At the time, I knew nothing of my mother's feelings, which my mother was good at hiding, preferring to be a good host. I saw Ina Lou as a kindly old lady who liked to talk about Carl this and Carl that, and otherwise took great pride in being a Hardman widow. Ullie and Babe appear to have shared my mother's feelings about her, but living further away, they were spared the practically annual visits that Ina Lou made to our home in Grass Valley, which is practically next door to Sacramento, where she moved sometime after Carl died, and where she herself would pass away.

My mother's feelings about Ina Lou aside, she kept correspondence from both Ina Lou, and from Ina Lou's daughter, Ina Marthalou (Hardman) Mason, who also once visited us in Grass Valley, though I was not there at the time and so didn't meet meet her. I have no idea if she was alone or came with family members.

One of the letters that survived in my mother's letter box, from Marthalou, included a handwritten note from Ina Lou, on which Ina Marthalou had made a note, to the effect that -- perhaps my mother would understand what Ina Lou was talking about, because she, Ina Marthalou, couldn't make much sense of it.

Among the Hardman family papers that my mother set aside, which survived in her files, was a thick packet of neatly typed genealogy work sheets, copies of originals made by Ina M. Mason. By the time Ina Marthalou met with the Goldings, she was much better informed by documented dates and testimony she had heard from her mother and as many others in the extended family that she was able to visit or communicate with through mail -- all before the Internet age and on-line genealogy research tools like Ancestor.com. One of her letters to my mother relates her experiences of two visits to Central Ridge Cemetery -- the first, when she was unable to find the Hardman graves in the brush -- and the second, with Ina Lou, when they eventually found them.

Hardman-Gallaher lore

Many of the stories about the Hardman and Gallaher families of interest here have been handed down by the descendants of those the stories concern. Stories passed down from generation to generation, but also 1st-person accounts, are likely to change with each telling, as people forget, confuse, distort, or embellish facts.

Several early published accounts about Hardmans and Gallahers have been cited by descendants trying to fill in the gaps of their own family stories. While such accounts are valuable, and better than nothing, they have to be understood as polite publicity, intended to inflate egos and inspire pride, rather than unshakable fact.

An Illustrated History of North Idaho, 1903 Image copped and cropped from Wessel & Lieberman Booksellers. John M. Henderson, William S. Shiach, and Barry F. Averill An Illustrated History of North Idaho (Embracing Nezperces [sic], Idaho, Latah, Kootenai, and Shoshone Counties, State of Idaho) [Seattle]: Western Historical Publishing Company, 1903 xxvii, 1238 pages, plus numerous full-page portraits
Albert C. Hardman entry in An Illustrated History of North Idaho, 1903, pages 270-271 Screen capture by Yosha Bunko from pdf file downloaded from Internet Archive (archive.org)

Albert C. Hardman

The following account of Albert C. Hardman, published in 1903, puts a typically up-beat spin on the success of homesteading. Highlighting and [bracketed remarks] are mine.

    ALBERT C. HARDMAN.   Ten miles southeast from Peck is the fine estate of Mr. Hardman. When he took this land under the homestead right, in February 1896, the country was very different in its appearance from the present time, as is also his farm. Then no roads crossed the country, nor fences, no families, except two in remote places, and everything was wild as from the hands of nature. Mr. Hardman displayed good judgment in selecting a fine piece of land and in April following [1897] his location, his family came to take up the pioneer's life with him. They were victims of the panic in the years just previous to that and so came with very little of this world's goods. At once they set to labor and so well have they wrought that now the farm is one of the finest about. Four hundred bearing trees, the farm is all fenced, good buildings are in evidence and the annual returns of bounteous crops are the due reward of the industry and thrift bestowed.
    A more detailed account of Mr. Hardman's life is desirable. We note that he was born in Davis county, Iowa, on February 18, 1860, being the son of George and Jane (Calvert) Hardman, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and New Brunswick. They were married in Iowa and the father died in 1860. In 1864, with his mother and her parents, our subject was brought across the plains to Walla Walla. The trip was made by ox teams and consumed six months. Albert lived on a farm near Walla Walla with his mother until he was seventeen and then went to Adams, in Umatilla County, and settled on lieu land [↓ reservation]. There, on October 13, 1881, Mr. Hardman married Miss Lucy, daughter of Joseph and Mary (Kees) Gallaher. Mr. Gallaher came across the plains in 1848 to western Oregon, from Iowa. His wife came with her parents from Missouri and they were married in Linn county, Oregon; later they removed to Umatilla county, where Mrs. Hardman was born December 7, 1864. In 1889 Mr. Hardman brought his family to Fairfield, Washington, where he farmed until the time when he came to the reservation [ ↑ lieu land], as mentioned above. The mother of Mr. Hardman is now living in Adams, Umatilla County. Mrs. Hardman's parents are living near Kamiah. To Mr. and Mrs. Hardman there have been born four children: Royden L., born June 19, 1883; Carroll P., born July 23, 1885; William A., born November 15, 1887; Owen M., born March 21, 1890. Mr. Hardman and his faithful wife are devout members of the United Brethren church and are worthy citizens who exert a good influence in the community where they are highly respected.

The names and dates of birth are consistent with the names and dates on collected family documents.

Note that the entry before ALBERT C. HARDMAN in An Illustrated History of North Idaho is for JOHN W. THOMAS, the father of Ida Frances Thomas, who was Ullie Hardman's mother. See the Hunter-Thomas family page for details.

Peck

The distance between Peck and the Hardman settlement on Central Ridge may have been about 10 miles. But the distance defies the difficulty of travel, then and even now, along a route that today is still an adventure in scary cliff-side driving.

"lieu land" . . . "reservation"

And on-line version of Merriam-Webster) defines "lieu lands" as "public lands that a patentee has a right to locate and select in place of lands within the limits of a previous grant which are occupied by persons given special protection by the law". This essentially defines the legal "arrangement" (read "slight of hand") through which Nez Perce reservation land, previously occupied by Nez Perce Indians under treaty agreements, was taken over by the Federal government "in lieu of" other territory provided for reservation purposes, and then opened for homesteading -- a process which involves becoming a "patentee" of the land selected for homesteading.

Kamiah

Kamiah (KAH-me-eye) is about 26 miles up the Clearwater from Peck, along what today is Route 12, which runs up the Clearwater from Lewiston to Kooskia (KOO-skee), about 15 miles beyond Kamiah.

See Idaho on "Place names" page for several local maps and other geographical details.

Wagon trains and Black Irish

Joyce and George Golding, in Empire of Cousins, describe the Hardman-Gallaher marriage as follows (Golding 1995, page 78).

Less than a month later, 13 Oct. 1881, Lucy J. Gallaher, daughter of Mary Ann (Kees) and Joseph M. Gallaher, was married to Albert Hardman. Witnessed by Mrs. Nancy (Osborn) Kees and Miss Lucy E. Kees, the marriage ceremony was performed by T.S. Burnett, Minister of the Gospel. Joseph M. Gallaher signed the affidavit stating that Lucy was old enough to wed, "over 15, about 17" when the wedding license was issued. [Note 260. Umatilla County Marriage Records, Book D., p. 70]

Lucy J. (Gallaher) Hardman, Owen Hardman's mother and Orene Hardman's paternal grandmother, was a younger sister of Joyce Golding's maternal grandmother, Amy Zerilda Gallaher, who were daughters of Joseph M. Gallaher and Mary Ann Kees. She and her husband, George, report in their study of the history of "The Gallaher Trail" that Lucy died at her home in Steele after being ill eight months "of a dreadful disease that was preying upon her vitals" -- according to her obituary, which reported that she was just a little over 39 years old. After services at the Central Ridge United Brethren church by Reverend A.L. Hoskins, a relative by marriage, she was buried in the Central Ridge Cemetery. (Golding 1995, Empire of Cousins, page 179)

Albert and Lucy moved onto the former Nez Perce reservation in February 1896 (Golding, Empire of Cousins, 1995, page 176). As reported by Gallaher descendants Joyce and George Golding, some Hardman descendants recalled that Albert Hardman and Allen Shortlidge had gone to Canada together in the early 1890s before homesteading near each other in Idaho. Apparently Hardman and Shortlidge also aided the George Calvert family near Adams in Umatilla County, Oregon during the 1885 diphtheria epidemic in which George and Louisa (Kenoyer) Calvert lost two children. (Golding 1995, pages 83, 176, 179, 232)

Albert Hardman's mother, Jane Calvert, was George Calvert's older sister. According to data from Ancestry.com, George Calvert was was born 28 February in New Brunswick, Canada, married Louisa Marie Kenoyer 12 Nov 1868 in Walla Walla, Washington, and died 20 June 1909 at age 64 in Albion, Washington. Jane Calvert was born 15 July 1842 in New Brunswick, Canada, married George Hardman (b1838), gave birth to Albert Christopher Hardman in 1860, remarried Michael Corbett McBride 23 June 1865 in Walla Walla, Washington, and died 14 December 1917 in Cambridge, Idaho at age 74.

Joyce and George Golding relate a very different story of the fates of George, Jane, and Albert, as related to him by Louida Orene "Bug"(Hardman) Wetherall's older sister, Ullie Adaline "Babe" (Hardman) Emerson (Golding 1995, pages 78-79). Footnotes in received text are shown in [brackets]. Boxed notes are mine.

Homesteading

We have already seen the somewhat bombastic biographical profile of Albert C. Hardman in the 1903 compendium called An Illustrated History of North Idaho. In Empire of Cousins, published in 1995, nearly a century later, Joyce and George Golding cited Ullie Adeline "Babe" Hardman (1911-1983) story of their arrival on Central Ridge in 1896 after a brief sojourn in Canada (Golding 1995, page 95; [bracketed remarks] mine).

Vital events

Many pages from Empire of Cousins consist of narratives created by collating reports of vital events -- births, deaths, marriages, divorces -- from several lines of an extended family -- in this case the Gallaher family, and the family of Albert Christopher Hardman (1860/1861-1929) into which Lucy Jane Gallaher (1864-1906) had married. The following page is typical of this style of weaving annecdotes into a stitchwork of vital events (Golding 1995, page 181, highlighting and [bracketed remarks] mine).

Diphtheria

Diphtheria, though known from ancient Greek times, is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriaea. The bacterium was discovered in 1882 by the pathologist Edwin Klebs (1834-1913), a pioneer bacteriologist who specialized in the etiology of infectious diseases.

Because some diphtheria symptoms are like those of croup, a viral respiratory infection, it is sometimes called "diphtheria croup" or even just "croup" -- though diphtheria is generally far more likely to result in death than croup. Inoculation for diphtheria has all but eliminated the disease in industrialized countries. Diphtheria and influenza vaccines also generally inoculate against croup, a prevalent disease during the 19th and early 20th centuries but not that common today. Children remain the most likely victims of both diseases, which are transmitted mainly by contact but also through the air, and can be carried by people who do not develop symptoms.

Diphtheria strikes Calvert family

Joyce M. and George E. Golding relate the following story of how diphtheria took the lives of 3 of the 7 children of George and Louisa Calvert in the spring of 1885, in their nearly 400-page study of Gallaher and related family historys, Empire of Cousins or The Gallaher Trail, Bend (Oregon): Maverick Publications, 1995 (pages 83-84). I have transcribed the story from a personal copy of the book given and inscribed to me by George Golding ("Bill / Please enjoy this book about your family / George Golding / March 1998"). I have shown the footnotes in the received text in [brackets]. Other brackted remarks are mine.

See George Calvert and Louisa Maria (Kenoyer) Calvert below for family details.

The "voice" of the story appears to be that of the writer. The Goldings cautiously observe that their copy was typed after 1962 and they don't know when the story was first written. They attribute the story to Gladys (Hoskins) Calvert, the wife of Asa Merritt Calvert, the 10th Calvert child. Asa was born 3 December 1891, some 6 years and 7 months after the epidemic. He married Gladys Lenora Hoskins on 11 August 1917 in Twin Falls. Gladys was born on 4 May 1899 in Big Eddy, Boise County, Idaho, and died on 8 March 1985 in Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho. Asa's mother Louisa Maria Kenoyer, the main protagonist in the story, was born on 8 March 1853 in Burnett County, Wisconsin, and died on 8 March 1950 in Albion, Whitman County, Washington. Glady's had about 33 years during which she might have heard accounts of the diphtheria epidemic directly from Louisa herself, if not also from the oldest child, Laura Annette (Calvert) Gallaher, who was 15 at the time, survived her own bout with the disease, and lived until 1945. The "voice" of the story appears to be that of the writer, presumably Gladys Calvert. Whether it also reflects Louisa's voice is speculative. The voice is that of a devout but also evangelical Christian.

Jane Calvert's brother George Calvert and family Copped from Ancestry.com where CougAlum originally shared this on 1 September 2009 Diphtheria survivors My impression is that this photograph was taken from a few months to a year after the diphtheria epidemic that took the lives of three of the Calvert children in the spring of 1885. The Calverts had 12 children between 1870 and 1896. Of the 8 who were born before the epidemic, a son died the day he was born in July 1881, and 3 of the 5 children who contracted diphtheria died within 13 days of each other between 19 April and 1 May 1885. This left 4 children -- Laura (b1870), Adorthy (b1877), Mary (b1882), and Charles (b1884) -- probably the 3 daughters and 1 son shown with their parents in this studio portrait. Louisa M. (Kenoyer) Calvert Copped from Ancestry.com where CougAlum originally shared this on 1 September 2009 The winter of 1884-85 was harsh, and diseases raged across the plains east of Pendleton [Umatilla County, Oregon]. Medical men such as Dr. Stewart Craft, husband of Amy Zerilda Gallaher, had no weapons to combat typhoid and diphtheria. There were no antibiotics, neither sulfa nor penicillin nor any other miracle drug to ward off the raging diseases. Originally a Pennsylvania farm boy, Dr. Craft had served in the Civil War, and was hospitalized for weeks with measles. His interest in medicine apparently began during that lengthy hospital stay, and his medical skills were those of the times. There were no preventions or cures for many of the diseases that are now all but forgotten. Ailments now prevented with childhood vaccinations, were dreaded killers in the late 1880s, as witnessed by aging gravestones among the fields, for children of Gallahers, Kees, Calverts and others. Despite illness and hardship, the family was thriving along Dry Creek in Walla Walla County, and near Adams and Helix and Weston, in Umatilla [County]. All are tiny settlements that still hide in the dates of the eastern Oregon plains, baking hot in the summer amid miles of wheat fields, frigidly cold in the winter. The town of Adams, where Dr. Stewart Craft served as postmaster and partner in a water pump business while trying to conduct a medical practice, was then a settlement of houses, barns and a blacksmith shop, stretched out along a small creek. It still is. Four miles west of Adams, on unmarked and unnamed country roads, overlooking the Midway grain elevator between Adams and Helix, is the Gallaher cemetery. It lies near the top of a small hillock, with a view that extends for miles across the seemingly endless wheat fields. George and Louisa Calvert lived a mile or so northwest of the Gallahers, on Greasewood Creek, in 1885. The following tale of how they were savaged by disease was written by Mrs. Asa (Gladys Hoskins) Calvert of Lewiston, ID. Our copy indicates it was typed after 1962, though when the original was written is unknown: "George and Louisa Calvert were God-fearing people, who lived near Adams, Oregon in the year 1885. They were the parents of eight children, Laura, Samuel, Edgar, Adorthy, Lilly, Tom, Mary, and Charles. "The diphtheria raged in that place in 1885, and Edgar, Laura, Sam, Adorthy, and Lilly took the disease. "One kind neighbor, Allen Shortlidge came and offered his help and despite the warning, that it was dangerous to come into the house, he came and did the cooking and dishwashing for the family, and stayed until the siege was over. "On April 19, Edgar succumbed to the disease. On April 23, 1885, Sam died. "The grief-stricken father went to town to obtain coffins for the burial of the two boys. On the way home, he had a vision: A large bright star filled the road ahead of him, then arose into the sky. A smaller star took its place and arose, then a little star came and arose. In telling of it, he said, 'when I saw the little star I knew, that another child would be taken from us.' "On May 1, 1885 Lilly called the family to her bedside and greeted each one, then suddenly sitting up in bed, she said, 'Oh I've found them, I've found them.' "When asked, who she had found, she said, 'I've found Sammie and Eddie.' "She then lay back upon her bed and went to be with her brothers and the Lord. "Three children had been taken within a period of two weeks; others had the diphtheria and it looked as though the whole family might die. "The distraught parents were so grief-stricken, that they were beyond human comfort; but God, who is ever ready to help in troubles and trials, sent His angels with the comfort, that no one else could give. 'He shall give his angels charge over thee, to keen thee in all thy ways.' Psalms 91:11. "Louisa, broken-hearted, took her troubles to the Lord: As she was kneeling by her bed, the angels came, filling the whole upper part of one corner of the room. Her heart was comforted by the presence of the angels. The Lord made her to understand, that death is not a bad thing for his children, but rather a blessed going home. The presence of the angels so comforted her, that Louisa arose from her knees and went about her work, singing a hymn. The room was so filled with angels, that they moved aside, giving place to her as she moved about. "Husband George came into the room, where she was, turning to him she said, "Oh, isn't this glorious, glorious!' and went on singing her hymn. "George, not seeing the angels, thought she had lost her mind because of the death of her children. Feeling that he had more trials than he could bear already, he walked from the room. "I, (a daughter-in-law) failed to ask, how long the angels stayed. "No more of her children died until they were in their old age. Only one more died before Louisa. "The oldest daughter, Laura, (Mrs. Edward L. Gallaher) died in 1945. There were four more children born to them [George and Louisa Calvert], George, Asa, Ellen, and Minnie. "On June 10, 1909, husband George passed away, after suffering a stroke and being an invalid for several years. "A widow for 41 years, Louisa must have had many trials, but the remembrance of God's angels so overshadowed her life, that she was never in despair. "As she lay on her death bed, her daughters, Adorthy and Ellen, saw her lips moving and leaning close heard her saying, 'The Lord is my shepherd,' and on through, 'though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I shall fear no evil: for thou art with me; thy rod and thy staff they comfort me,' and on through the 23rd Psalm. "And so, at the age of 97 years on 8 March 1950, at Albion, WA, she passed to be with her Lord and her long-lost loved ones. "From talking to her and seeking out the facts from the family, I attest this to be a true and wonderful experience of God's care for us. I feel, that it should be recorded as a testimony, so that others, especially of her lineage, might increase their faith in her God and Saviour. "I hope you will retain this copy to know where to find comfort in your times of testing." [Note 293 -- Typewritten letter from Galdy's (Hoskins) Calvert.] Edgar, Samuel, Lilly and Tom Calvert were buried in the four-acre Gallaher cemetery four miles .west of Adams, OR. [Note 294 -- Tombstones, Gallaher Cemetery.] (In 1994, Effie Gallaher, daughter of the Laura Calvert who survived that siege of illness, recalled that when Allen Shortlidge came to help the family, he was accompanied by Edward Lincoln Gallaher, and that's how Ed met his future wife).

An Illustrated History of Spokane County, 1900, title (i) and dedication (ii) pages Screen captures by Yosha Bunko from pdf file downloaded from Internet Archive (archive.org) Rev. Johnathan Edwards An Illustrated History of Spokane County [San Francisco]: W. H. Lever Publisher, 1900 xxviii, 726 pages, plus several plates of portraits
Joseph M. Gallher entry in An Illustrated History of Spokane County, 1900, pages 346-347 Screen capture by Yosha Bunko from pdf file downloaded from Internet Archive (archive.org)

Joseph M. Gallaher

The following account of Joseph M. Gallaher, published in 1900, is typical of the self-congratulatory "who's who" compendia that were cranked out in the United States around the turn of the 19th to the 20th century, which celebrated the successes of the men (mainly) who had settled in the state or county in the title of the publication, and contributed to the prosperity of the locality or region. Highlighting and [bracketed remarks] are mine.

    JOSEPH M. GALLAHER, farmer, was born in Putnam county. Illinois, August 19, 1833. He was early taken by his parents to Iowa, and there he lived until 1845. then removed with them to the Willamette Valley, Oregon, where he received his education. Subsequently he engaged in farming, and followed that occupation there for nineteen years, then in Douglas county, Oregon, for three years. He resided in Umatilla cnunty for the ensuing fourteen years, during four of which he held the office of Justice of the peace. He then spent about nine years as a farmer in Walla Walla county, subsequently coming to Whitman county, where he tried the hotel business for a year. His next move was to the vicinity of Rockford, and he has lived there continuously since, engaged for some years past in stock raising. In addition to his other work, Mr. Gallaher has performed his duties as a minister of the Gospel for more than half a century. He began preaching for the Methodists in southern Oregon, and continued his ministry in that denomination until his arrival in Spokane county. He was the first Methodist pastor north of The Dalles, Oregon, preaching the first Methodist sermon ever heard in that part of the country. Since coming to Rockford he has preached for the United Brethren. In 1849 and the few years following he had many exciting skirmishes with the Indians and not a few adventures of a precarious character. He was married in Linn county, Oregon, August 9, 1857, to Mary A. Kees, a native of Missouri, who crossed the plains with her parents at an early date. They have a family of six children living, namely : Joseph E., Oscar S.. Amy Z., Lucy J., Nellie A. and Irvin A.

The names and dates of birth are consistent with the names and dates on collected family documents, with the exception that .

Note that the entry before ALBERT C. HARDMAN in An Illustrated History of North Idaho is for JOHN W. THOMAS, the father of Ida Frances Thomas, who was Ullie Hardman's mother. See the Hunter-Thomas family page for details.

12. Hardman-Calvert

This writer's Hardman family stems from the marriage of Jane Calvert and George Hardman around 1860. George Hardman appears to have died shortly before or shortly after the Calvert family began traveling overland to Oregon from Iowa in 1864. Their son, my maternal paternal great-great grandfather Albert Christopher Hardman, appears to have been born in 1860 (or more likely 1861) 4 (or 3) years before the family's departure. The migrating family appears to have included Jane with Albert, her brother George , her mother Maria, younger brother George Calvert, and -- consisting of at least Jane's mother and her brother, and her infant son Albert Christopher

1860 census for Bloomfield, Davis County, Iowa shows three related Calvert families, two of them living in adjacent dwellings. Data inclues, Name (age), occupation, birthplace. The bracketed [birth year] estimates are mine.

Page 39, Enumerated 12 June 1860
Dwelling 289, Family 257
Thomas Calvert (30), farmer, St. Johns B.N.A. [1830]
Phebe (23), Ohio [1837]
John (6), Ohio [1854]
Mariah (3), Ill. [1857]
Louisa (1), Iowa [1859]

Page 42, enumerated 13 June 1860
Dwelling 310, Family 278
Thomas Calvert (60), Maine [1800]
Mariah (57), New Brunswick [1803]
Jane (18), New Brunswick [1842]
Dwelling 311, Family 280
Richard Calvert (37), Painter & Glazier, Maine [1823]
Elizabeth (38), New Brunswick [1822]
James T. (9), New Brunswick [1851]
John F. (7), New Brunswick [1853]
George (4), New Brunswick [1856]
Charles (1), Iowa [1859]

The 1870 census shows Richard Calvert's family in Drakesville in Davis County, Iowa.

Richard Calvert (45), painter, Maine Elizabeth (46), keeping house, New Brunswick John (18), painter, New Brunswick George (13), New Brunswick Charles (11), Iowa Ida M. (5), Iowa

Richard and his family are still in Drakesville in 1880. Data shows name (age), occupation, and birthplaces of individual, father, and mother.

Richard Calvert (56), merchant, Maine, Maine, New Brunswick
Elizabeth (57, housekeeping, New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia
George (23), painter, New Brunswick, Maine, New Brunswick
Charles (21), works on railroad, Iowa, Maine, New Brunswick
Ida (15), at house, Iowa, Maine, New Brunswick

1860 Bloomfield, Iowa census
Jane and George Calvert with parents

0. Thomas Calvert was 60 and born in Maine according to the June 1860 census for Bloomfield Township in Davis County, Iowa.
0. Mariah (maiden name unknown) Calvert was 57 and born in New Brunswick according to the 1860 census.
1. Jane Calvert was 18 and born in New Bruswick according to the 1860 census for her parents. The 1900 census, showing her as the wife of 13 years of T.C. Reid, states that that she, then 52 [sic = 57], had come to the United States in 1848, a year or so after her birth in July 1847 [sic = July 1852]. An older sister, also in the Reid household, was also said to have come to American, presumably from New Brunswick, in 1848.
2. George Calvert was 15 and born in New Brunswick according to the 1860 census. He left his wife and 8 children, 3 sons and 5 daughters, when he died of an illness in Albion, in Whitman County, Washington, in 1909 a year after he and his family had moved there -- according to a newspaper obituary transcribed in Find a Grave memorial (The Colfax Gazette, June 18, 1909). George married Louisa Maria Kenoyer. She was born 8 March 1853 in Burnett County Wisconsin, and died 8 March 1950 in Albion, Whitman County, Washington, and is buried there. They had 12 children, 1 of whom died in infancy in 1882, and 3 of whom died of diphtheria in 1885. See Diphtheria (above) for the story of the family's ordeal during the epidemic.

1864 Calvert migration from Iowa to Washington Territory

All the stories I hear about Albert traveling overland with a wagon train were associated with the trunk that Owen had treasured and which was passed along to the me as his 1st-born grandson. My earliest memory of the trunk is in Grass Valley, where the Wetherall family moved from San Francisco in 1955. It may have first been sent to the Wetherall home in San Francisco where Owen died in 1949, and from there been taken to Grass Valley. In any event, it was at the Wetherall home in Grass Valley for a few decades, in a closet, then in my sister's bedroom when it became a guest room. When my father sold the home in early 2013, a few months before his death, the trunk was moved to my sister's home, and when she died in 2017, I decided not to bring it to Japan but give it her son, my nephew, who had more room for it and would be more likely to see that it continued to be passed down as a Hardman-family heirloom.

I was always told that the trunk had belonged to Albert, my great grandfather -- that his mother Jane Calvert had brought the trunk across plains in the early 1860s. It is not a huge trunk, but it is large enough to hold more than just the clothing and other things that Albert would have needed at his tender age, from a few months old to 2 or 3 years old.

All stories I heard of Jane Calvert's overland journey with Albert Hardman agreed that Albert was born in Iowa and that Jane had left Iowa with him for either Oregon or Washington by way of Oregon. All agreed that she married McBride, who lived in Walla Walla, and that Albert had grown up with the first few children she bore McBride.

Other details varied with the telling of the story. In some versions, his father George Hardman died en route. In other versions, she met McBride en route, after he had helped her following George's death. In yet other versions, she met McBride after arriving in Washington.

I first read the account given in Goldings 1995 Empire of Cousins in the late 1990s. I did not see the following account in the 1903 publication that the Goldings had cited until around 2015, See the full citation of the 1903 account in Albert C. Hardman (above).

A more detailed account of Mr. Hardman's life is desirable. We note that he was born in Davis county, Iowa, on February 18, 1860, being the son of George and Jane (Calvert) Hardman, natives respectively of Pennsylvania and New Brunswick. They were married in Iowa and the father died in 1860. In 1864, with his mother and her parents, our subject was brought across the plains to Walla Walla. The trip was made by ox teams and consumed six months. Albert lived on a farm near Walla Walla with his mother until he was seventeen and then went to Adams, in Umatilla County, and settled on lieu land [Walla Walla reservation land].

Two early secondary sources William Denison Lyman An illustrated history of Walla Walla County, state of Washington San Francisco: W. H. Lever, 1901 xiv, 510 pages, hardcover William Denison Lyman Lyman's history of old Walla Walla County (embracing Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin counties) Chicago (Illinois): S.J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1918 Volume I: iii, 731 pages, hardcover Volume II: 846 pages, hardcover These two compilations by William Denison Lyman (1852-1920) are typical of the hundreds of contemporary publications of what call the "historical vanity press", which cranked out "who's who" in the guise of local histories. The historical introductions and the biographical profiles are mostly self-congratulatory tales of how mainly white male "pioneers" took possession of, homesteaded, industrialized, and otherwise "civilized" Indian lands. Lyman's books cover the Walla Walla area after the "Indian wars" of the mid 1850s, first as part of Washington Territory, then as part of the State of Washington. Images of pages containing information that sheds light on the history of the "Hardman-Calvert" ancestors of the "Wetherall-Hardman" family are shown to the right. The biographical profile of George Richarson Crowe (1836–1916), which contains information related to the migration of his wife Mariah Elizabeth Calvert (c1857-1948), is transcribed below. The images are my screen captures from pdf files of scans of the publications downloaded from Archive.org.

Lyman 1901 on "Elizabeth Calvert . . . a pioneer of 1864"

To be continued.

Notes

Nevada City, Grass Valley, Forest City are all places familiar to the Wetherall-Hardman family. The Wetherall family moved from San Francisco to Grass Valley in 1955 when this writer, Bill Wetherall, was 14. I and my brother Jerry and sister Mary Ellen went on to graduate from Nevada Union High School in Grass Valley. Our father had a law office in Nevada City and served as the city attorney for 20 years, during which time he authored the city's famous Historical Ordinance. I worked as a surveyor with the Tahoe National Forest out of Nevada City, and some of our work involved the watersheds of the North Fork of Yuba River. Forest City sits on the ridge between the North and Middle Forks of the Yuba. René Barker, one of the members on my crew, lived with his parents in Alleghany, home of the Sixteen to One Mine, near Forest City, which was all but a ghost town. On weekends, René showed me around the then abandoned Sixteen to One Mine and smaller mines and old garbage dumps in the area hunting for old bottles and other artifacts. In 2012, the year before he died, my father, William B. Wetherall (1911-2013), staged a hold-up of Forest City Dance Hall with his friend Jerry Hodkins (see WBW's Humor for a newspaper report of the caper).

Reading Lyman's report on George Crowe and Elizabeth Calvert drove home how small the world was to the adventurers of the times -- and to their descendants. Who would have thought that a man who married one of my great-great grandmother's nieces had spent part of his wanderlust youth in parts of California where I would pass my mid and late teens and early adult years and call "home" for half my life.

G.A.R. -- Grand Army of the Republic -- was a Civil War veterans association. Crowe's headstone, in Mountain View Cemetery, Walla Walla, reads "GEO. R. CROW / CO. A / 1 WASH. / TERR. INF.", which indicates that he had served in Company A of the 1st Washington Territorial Infantry", a voluntary British unit that served a long the border between the United States and British territories in what became Canada. GAR, and the later established women's auxiliary WRC, admitted only veterans of the Union army or relatives of honorably discharged Union soldiers.

W.R.C -- Woman's Relief Corps -- was a charitable auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic. The group assisted disabled veterans, war widows and orphans, and maintained cemeteries and created war memorials,

L.O.T.M. -- Ladies of the Maccabees -- was a secret women's fraternity that engaged in mutual aid and social welfare activities.

Lyman 1918 lists "M.C. McBride" among "pioneers prior to 1860"

Volume I lists "M.C. McBride" among the members of the "advanced guard" or "PIONEERS PRIOR TO 1860" -- meaning the pioneer settlers who arrived in 1857, 1858, or 1859 in the region of what was to become Walla Walla County in 1860 (Lyman 1918: Volume I, page 111).

Top  

Thomas Calvert and Phebe (Jenkins) Calvert

Forthcoming.

Top  

George Calvert and Louisa Maria (Kenoyer) Calvert

New Brunswick-born George Frederic Calvert married Wisconsis-born Louisa Maria Kenoyer. George was born in Saint-John, Saint John Country, New Brunswick, on 26 February 1845. He died on 10 June 1909 in Albion, Whitman County, Washington and is buried in Albion Cemetery in Albion. Louisa was born on 8 March 1853 in Burnett County, Wisconsin. She died on 8 Mar 1950 in Albion and is also buried in Albion Cemetery.

The 1900 census for Fairfield, in Spokane County, Washington, shows George Calvert (54, Aug 1846). Louisa M. (47, Mar 1853), Adorthy J. (23, Jan 1877), Mary E. (18, Jan 1882), Charles E. (15, Aug 1884), George F. (13, Jan 1887), Asa M. (8, Dec 1891), and Ellen E. (6, Apr 1896). The Calverts had been married 31 years. Louisa had borne 12 children of whom 8 survived.

The April 1910 census for Guy Precint in Whitman County, Washintong, shows Louisa M. Clavert (57), widowed, a the head of a household that included 4 children -- two sons Chas E. (25) and Asa M. (18), and two daughters Ellie E. (16) and Minnie M. (13). Charles is an "engineer" in the "stationary" [sic] industry and Asa is a "laborer" on a "general farm".

Calvert children and diphtheria epidemic

The Calvert family was ravaged by a diphtheria epidemic in their neck of northeast Oregon in 1885. The oldest 5 of their 7 surviving children were afflicted. 3 of the 5 afflicted children died.

6 children born before 1884-1885 diphtheria epidemic
 1. Laura Annette (Calvert) Gallaher (1870–1945 afflicted with diphtheria but survived)
 2. Samuel "Sammie" Cooper Calvert (16 Dec 1871 – 27 April 1885 diphtheria)
 3. Edgar "Eddie" Burton Calvert (28 Aug 1874 – 19 April 1885 diphtheria)
 4. Adorthy Jane (Calvert) Ferguson (7 Jan 1877 – 13 Jan 1882 afflicted with diphtheria but survived)
 5. Lillie May Calvert (c1879 – 1 May 1885 diphtheria)
 6. Infant Son [Thomas "Tom" Calvert] (21 Jul 1881 – 21 Jul 1881) [Age 10 hours]
 7. Mary Elizabeth (Calvert) Taylor (13 Jan 1882 – 29 Oct 1963)
 8. Charles ("Chas") E. Calvert (27 Aug 1884 - 6 Aug 1963)

4 children born after 1884-1885 diphtheria epidemic
 9. George Frederick Calvert (12 Jan 1887 – 20 Sep 1968)
10. Asa Merritt Calvert (3 Dec 1891 – 21 Sep 1981)
11. Ellen Ethel (Calvert) McAllister (Apr 1894 - 25 Mar 1954)
12. Minnie Mabel (Calvert) Finch (27 Oct 1896 – 10 Apr 1959)

The wife of Asa Calvert retold the story as she understood it in Goldings 1995. See Diphtheria above for a full transcription of the story and other details.

12.0 Hardman-Calvert / McBride

George Hardman and Jane Calvert

Jane Hardman and Michael McBride

Michael C. McBride's oath of allegiance to the United States, 27 April 1860 Territory of Washington, Walla Walla County, U.S. District Court, 1st Judicial district Copped from Ancestry.com

Certification of marriage of Jane Calvert and Michael McBride, 23 June 1865 By W P Horton, with Geo. Calvert and M M Calvert, witnesses Copped from Ancestry.com

0. George Hardman's life has not been traced. The birth year and place of birth noted in the above table is based on the 1860 census for Red Oak, Cedar County, Iowa, which shows a George Hardman (19), a farmer born in Pennsylvania, residing with and probably working for the family of New York-born Henry S. Marvin (34), his wife Hannah (32), and their son John S. (11).
0. Jane was the daughter of Thomas W. Calvert (1800–1864) and Mary Maria "Rye" Thomas (1802–1875). The 1860 census for Bloomfield Township, Davis County, Iowa -- enumerated 13 June 1860 (datum 1 June) -- shows Jane Calvert (18) and George Calvert (15) as the children of Thomas Calvert (60) and Mariah Calvert (57). Thomas was born in Maine and Mariah and the children were born in New Brunswick.
   This poses problems for the view that her 1st child, Albert Hardman was born on 18 February 1860 -- unless the Calverts declined to report his birth and Jane's relationship to his father. That she brought him to Oregon, married Michael McBride, and bore McBride at least 8 children, is true. That the McBride's remained close to Albert Hardman and his wife Lucy is also clear from the endorsements of the McBride children in one of Lucy Hardman's autograph books, which are preserved in the Wetherall Family Collection (see below).
   1. One obituary states that "Mrs. Jane E. Reid was born in St. John's, N. B. July 25, 1842, and died at her home near Cambridge Idaho, December 14, 1917, aged 75 years 4 months, 19 days" (see Hardman-Gallaher obituaries below). The headstone she shares with her Daughter Anna M. (McBride) Kidwell gives her name as "Jane C. MCBride" (see Hardman-Gallaher graves below).
1. Albert Christopher Hardman was generally called "Albert" but commonly signed as "A.C. Hardman". He first appears in the 1870 census, which states he was 9 years old at the time. The datum for the census was 1 June 1870. The census lists him as the 1st child of Jane C. and M.C. McBride. This suggests that he was born after 1 June 1860 census and before 1 June 1861, which is consistent with his absence on the 1860 Calvert family census.
0. Michael Corbett McBride was born in Ireland to Ireland-born parents in 1832, arrived in Oregon in 1858, and naturalized in Walla Walla, in Washington Territory, in 1860.
   A handwritten statement signed by WP Horton, the Justice of the Peace of the County of Walla Walla County in the Territory of Washington states that, on 23 June 1865, he joined in marriage Michael Corbett McBride and Jane Calvert in the presence of Geo. Calvert and U.U. Clavert.
2. Edgar McBride
3. John McBride
4. Joseph McBride
5. Annie McBride
6. Michael McBride Jr.
7. Robert McBride
8. James McBride died from "Sarcoma", a condition he had had for 1 year 3 months, with "Cardiac degeneration" given as contributory (secondary), according to his death certificate. The informant, his wife Adda, did not know the state or country of birth of his father or mother.
9. Henry McBride
0. Jane Calvert McBride married Thomas Cary Reid, a younger man with at least two young boys from a previous marriage, around 1887.

Jane Calvert in federal and state censuses

Jane Calvert appears in the 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, and 1910 U.S. Federal censuses and in the 1885 Washington Territory census

The 1860 census for Bloomfield Township, Davis County, Iowa -- enumerated 13 June 1860 (datum 1 June) -- shows Jane Calvert (18) and George Calvert (15) as the children of Thomas Calvert (60) and Mariah Calvert (57). Thomas was born in Maine and Mariah and the children were born in New Brunswick.

The 1870 census for Walla Walla in the Territory of Washington, enumerated 12 July 1870 (datum 1 June), shows "Jane" (28) as the wife of "M.C. McBride" (38). The household includes "Albert" (9), "Edgar" (5), and "John" (4). He is farming. She is keeping house. The census states that M.C. McBride was born in Ireland, Albert in Iowa, Edgar and John in "W.T." (Washington Territory), and Jane in "Br. N. A." (British North America). The next listed household is that of Jane's mother, "Maria Calvert" (66), keeping house, born in Br. N. A. Living with her is "Thos. Andrews" (43), a farm hand, born in North Carolina.

Albert Hardman first appears in the 1870 census as the 1st child of Jane C. and M.C. McBride. The census says he was then 9 years old meaning that he was born after 1 June 1860 (the datum of the 1860 census) and before 1 June 1861 (the datum of the 1870 census). This is consistent with his absence on the 1860 Calvert family census (datum 1 June).

The 1880 census for Walla Walla, Washington Territory, enumerated 29 June 1880, shows Michael C. McBride (49), Jane C. (38), Joseph (10), Annie M. (8), Michael C. Jr. (6), Robert E. (4), James M. (2), and Henry (4/12). Residing with them is Thomas Andrews (69), a Pennsylvania-born widowed carpenter.

Who is Thomas Andrews? Where was he born, what relationship was he to Jane's mother in 1870 and to Jane in 1880?

The 1885 census for Washington Territory shows MC McBride (53), a farmer born in Ireland, JC (42), his wife, born in Canada, with 4 children, all born in W.T. [Washington Territory] -- a son J (14), a daughter Ann M (12), and two more sons, Robert E (10) and J M (9). "J" must be "John" and "J M" is "James Madison". This suggests that Edgar, Joseph, and Michael C. Jr. have died -- possibly in the diphtheria epidemic that ravaged in 1884-1885 (see Diphtheria above).

The 1890 census records were destroyed in a fire.

The 1900 census for Adams Precinct, Umatilla County, Oregon shows Jane as Jane C. Reid (52, July 1847) [sic = 58, July 1842], married to T.C. Reid (45, July 1854). It lists two Reid sons, A.D. (21, Oct 1878) and S.B. (19, Dec 1880), and one McBride son, R.E. (23, Nov 1876). T.C. is a landlord, his sons are farm (A.D.) and livery stable (S.B.) laborers, and her son is a farmer. Jane is said to have borne 12 children of whom only 5 were living at the time of the census. She and Reid had been married for 13 years, implying that they married around 1887, about 2 years after her 2nd husband Michael McBride died -- leaving her with several young children.

Also in the Reid household in the 1990 census is T.C. Reid's 78-year-old widowed sister-in-law, 3 of whose 9 children were still alive. She is Jane's sister L. L. Bennisere, a physician. The sisters were reportedly born in New Brunswick to a Maine-born father and a New Brunswick-born mother. The "Citizenship" columns state that they had immigrated into the United states in 1848 and been in the United States for 41 years.

The The 1910 census enumerated 18 April for Lewis Precinct in Walla Walla County, Washington, shows "Jane C. Reid" (68) in the household of James G, [sic = C.] Kidwell (42) and his wife Anna M. (35), and states that she is the mother of the wife of the head. Jane is said to be married. The Kidwell's have two children, Albert M. (17) and James G. Jr. (9). James was born in Oregon to Ireland-born parents, Anna in Washington to an Ireland-born father and New Brunswick-born mother. Jane was born in New Brunswick to a Maine-born father and New Brunswick-born mother. James is a stockman on a farm, the women are housewives, and the boys are students. The Kidwells had been married for 19 years, which implies that they married around 1881.

The 1910 census enumerated on 27 April for Indian Valley Precinct in Washington County, Idaho, shows "Jane C." (61) as the wife of "Thomas C. Ried" (55), a self-employed farmer on a general farm, and a son, Seneben B. (27), a single, wage-earning farmer on a general farm. The "Rieds" are said to have been married for 22 years in his 2nd and her 3rd marriage. She is said to have borne 16 children of whom 5 were still living. He was born in Illinois to an Indiana-born father and U.S.-born mother. She was born in New Brunswick to a U.S.-born father and mother whose place of birth was reportedly unknown.

In other words, in the spring of 1910, Jane Calvert was traveling around and was counted twice, first in her daughter Anna Kidwell's census in Walla Walla County in Washington, and 11 days later in her husband's household in Washington County in Idaho. The road distance today between Walla Walla and Weiser (the seat of Washington County in Idaho) is about 309 kilometers (192 miles), and a non-stop drive would take about 3 hours 20 minutes -- figure 4 hours for a one-stop drive. At the time, the trip would have taken at least a day, possible two or even three days. The route, like today, would have been south from Walla Walla in Washington, to Umatilla in Oregon across the Columbia river between Washington and Oregon, and southeast through the northeast corner of Oregon to Weiser in Idaho across the Snake river between Oregon and Idaho.

The 1880 census for the Farmington District of Whitman County in Washington shows "Thos. C. Reid" (24), farming, married to "Charlotte" (24), keeping house, with one son, Arthur (1). Thomas was born in Illinois to an Indiana-born father and mother whose birthplace is blank, Charlotte was born in Missouri to Tennessee-born parents.

Thomas married Charlotte "Lottie" J. Holman (1856-1917) on 18 Nov 1877 in Lynn County, Oregon. They would at least one more child before they divorced sometime in the late 1880s. Arthur D. [A.D.] Reid apparantly died on 1 October 1905 in Umatilla County in Oregon. Seneber Brooks [S.B.] Ried died on 6 July 1958, also in Umatilla, Oregon. My impression is that Thomas C. Reid and Jane C. McBride married around 1887.

"Ried" or "Reid"?

While "Reid" is probably the most common representation of the family name of Jane Calvert's 3rd husband, followed by "Ried" and occassionally "Reed", her husband's name appears to have been "Ried". "Seneber Brooks Ried" spelled and signed his name "Ried" on his 26 April 1942 draft registration card. This was also his name on Social Security records that show he was born on 23 December 1880, hence his appearance in the 1900 and 1910 censuses but not the 1880 census (the 1890 census records were destroyed in a fire). Seneber was "Ried" on the 1920 census and "Reid" on the 1940 census. He appears to have had an 8th grade education, worked as a farm laborer all his life, and never married. He was a resident of Eastern Oregon State Hospital, a mental institution in Pendleton, Oregon, when he died on 6 July 1958, and he is buried with other EOSH residents at Olney Cemetery in Pendleton, Umatilla County, Oregon.

Anna (McBride) Kidwell's obituary

Anna M. Kidwell, Jane C. Calvert's 1st daughter and 5th child, and her 4th child with Michael McBride, born in 1873, died on 26 Februray 1950 in Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, and is buried at River View Cemetery in Portland. The headstone reads "KIDWELL / JANE C. McBRIDE 1842-1917 / ANNA M. KIDWELL 1873-1950 / JAMES C. KIDWELL 1868-1947".

The following obituary for Anna appeared in The Oregonian on 28 February 1950 (page 13) [unconfirmed Find a Grave transcription].

    Services will be at Finley's mortuary Tuesday at 2:30 p.m. for Mrs. Anna M. Kidwell, 76, of 1909 S.E. Madison street, who died in a convalescent home Sunday after a week of illness. She was the widow of James G. Kidwell, one-time Portland livestock commission man.
    Mrs. Kidwell came to Portland with her husband and two sons in 1911 from Walla Walla. She was a daughter of Michael McBride, who came to Ft. Walla Walla in 1858 with the 1st United States dragoons.
    Interment will be in Riverview cemetery.

13. Gallaher-Kees

Gallaher and Kees

0. Shortly after his birn in in Illinois in 1833, Joseph M. Gallaher's parents, William Crawford Gallaher (born 22 Dec 1803 ) and Sarah Amy Kees (born 10 Dec 1810), moved to Iowa. From around 1845, the family migrated west to Willamette Valley in Oregon. Joseph became a farmer, and in the course of his life, in several Oregon communities, he pursued a number of other vocations, including stock raising and hotel management. While in Umatilla, he served as the justice of the peace, after which he lived in Walla Walla, and finally in Rockford.
   Mary Ann Kees, born in Missouri in 1840, was a daughter of Andrew F. Kees and Zerelda Fry. She migrated to Oregon with her family.
   Joseph and Mary married in Linn County, Oregon, on 9 August 1857, and they had 4 sons and 3 daughters.
   Joseph's mother and Mary's father were siblings, hence Josph and Mary were 1st cousins. See Cousin marriages for a look at their and other cousin unions in the extended Gallaher-Hardman family.
   Joseph and Mary are buried in Woodland Cemetery, north of Kamiah, in Idaho County, Idaho.
1. Joseph Elmer Gallaher married, and a son was born about 1882. He remarried Laura A. Dustin in 1885, and the couple had 4 children, 3 sons followed by 1 daughter, between 1890 and about 1896. Their last child, Rhoda Gallaher, died in 1903, when around 6 or 7 years old. She is buried in Woodland Cemetery north of Kamiah.
2. Amy Zerida married Steward C. "Steward" Craft, a medical doctor, in 1882, and 3 children were born between 1886 and 1894.
3. Oscar S. Gallaher
4. Amy Zerilda Gallaher
5. Lucy Jane Gallaher married Albert Christopher Hardman in Umatilla County, Oregon, on 13 October 1881. See 6. Hardman-Gallaher (above) for details.
6. Nellie Anna Gallaher married James Rockford Walker about 1894, and between 1895 and 1907 the couple had 5 children, 3 sons followed by 2 daughters, all of whom lived long lives, dying between 1975 and 1990.
7. William A. Gallaher
8. Ivan Albert Gallaher appears to have been responsible for the alluminum plaques marking his parents graves, Joseph's as "Father of Ivan" and Mary's as "Mother of Ivan" (see below).

Joseph M. Gallaher and Mary A. Kees

The Goldings write at length about Joseph M. Gallaher and Mary A. Kees and their children in Empire of Cousins. The following observations are of special interest here ([bracketed remarks] are mine).

Page 175
    He [Joseph M. Gallaher] was married in Linn county, Oregon, August 8, 1857, to Mary A. Kees, a native of Missouri, who crossed the plains with her parents at an early date. They have a family of six children living, namely: Joseph E., Oscar S., Amy Z., Lucy J., Nellie A., and Ivan A.

Page 179
    Joseph and Ann's last child, Ivan was married to Flora M Roberts, 17, on Christmas Day, 1904, in nearby Harrisburg, Idaho. His [Ivan's] widowed brother-in-law, Albert C. Hardman [see above], and Ed Huefner, his bride's guardian, were witnesses. Bride and groom were both residents of Kamiah, according to an affidavit by Huefner. [Note 534 -- Microfilm records in Idaho Genealogical Society library in Grangeville, ID, public library; from list of marriages in "Idho County, Idaho, Marriage Abstracts, Book 2, 1865-1911." Application and Affidavit 5606 filed 23 Dec., 1904, returned 28 Dec. 1904, Marriage Records P. 347.]
    Flora Mae Roberts was a neighbor girl who worked for Ivan's mother. Flora was born in Kansas in 1887, daughter of Caleb and Elizabeth Roberts. She had been orphaned, and was living on a nearby farm with her sister and brother-in-law, Ed Huefner.
    Joe and Ann Gallaher may have hired Flora Mae as a helper because they were aging and frail. There would have been no children at home except Ivan and Oscar, and Oscar was said to have been in some way an invalid. (He never married, and always lived with parents, brothers, or cousins.)

Oliver Crawford Gallaher (1830-1916)

Joseph M. Gallaher's 1st older brother, Oliver Crawford Gallaher (1830-1916), was the son of William Crawford Gallaher II (1803-1877) and Sarah Amy (Kees) Gallaher (1810-1856). On 4 November 1856, 6 months and 2 weeks after Amy's death on 21 April 1856, William remarried Lydia (McCoy) (McFarland) Gallaher (1815-1895). Oliver is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington. William is buried in Roseville Cemetery, Buroker, Walla Walla County, Washington.

An Oregon Historical Society index card (Index Collection, Pioneer Index) for "Gallaher, Mrs. [Sarah] Amy Kees" states that she was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, married William C. Callaher on 10 August 1927, and was the mother of 13 children, 5 born in Oregon. She is said to be of Irish and Dutch "ancestry" and to have come to Oregon "Overland from Iowa, 1845".

Edward Lincoln Gallaher (1861-1948)

Edward Lincoln Gallaher (1861-1948) was the 1st son and oldest child of Oliver Craford Gallaher. He married Laura Annette Calvert (1870-1945), the 1st daughter and oldest child of George Calvert and Louisa Maria (Kenoyer) Calvert (see above), on 17 April 1887, two years after Laura had survived a bout with diphtheria (see above).

Mary Louisa (Gallaher) Hardman (1892-1945)

Mary Louise [Louisa] Gallaher (1892-1945) was the 1st daughter and 3rd child of Edward Lincoln Gallaher (1862-1908) and Laura Annette (Calvert) Gallaher (1870-1945). Edward was the son of Oliver Crawford Gallaher (1830-1916) and Mary E. (Maley) Gallaher (1840-1880).

Page 181
    Mary Louisa Gallaher, who had suffered typhoid feber as a child and had various illnesses since, spent part of 1911 at Hot Lake, OR, a health resort south of Pendleton. Earlier the following year, age 20, Mary Louisa married her [second] cousin, Royden L. Hardman. Mary's sister Effie recalled many years later that Mary married without her parents' permission. If so, it was under her parents' noses. A license was issued 28 February in Lewiston, but the ceremony was performed 2 March by a Justice of the Peace in Kamiah. [Note 547 -- Nez Perce County marriage records, Lewiston, ID, Book 5, p. 29.]
    The couple settled in Orofino and remained there many years. Roy and Mary had 11 children. The first, named Edward Christopher Hardman, was born just before Christmas of 1912, at his [Gallaher] grandparents' home in Woodland.

Click on images to enlarge Hardman-Wetherall family great grandparents Lucy and Albert Hardman and grandfather Owen Hardman on Carrot Ridge, Kamiah, Idaho, circa 1902 Left   Gallaher family adults include Lucy (Gallaher) Hardman and Albert Hardman Right   Gallaher family children include William, Carl, and Owen Hardman Images scanned from Joyce (Buttner) Golding and George E. Golding, Empire of Cousins or The Gallaher Trail Bend (Oregon): Maverick Publications, 1995, compiled 1990-1995, pages 190 and 191 Wetherall Family Collection

Hardman-Wetherall family great-great grandmother Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher with two of her children, circa 1863 3rd-born Amy Zerida (on knee) and 2nd-born Oscar S. (standing) Joyce (Buttner) Golding and George E. Golding, Empire of Cousins or The Gallaher Trail Bend (Oregon): Maverick Publications, 1995, compiled 1990-1995 Copy given and inscribed to Bill Wetherall by George Golding March 1998 Wetherall Family Collection

Mrs. Amy Kees Gallaher Came to Oregon "Overland from Iowa, 1845" Oregon Historical Society, Portland, OR, Index Collection, Pioneer Index Copped from Ancestry.com

Empire of the Cousins

I have liberally cited, and copied some photographs, from Empire of the Cousins. which includes a number of stories about the Hardman family. Lucy Hardman, my maternal paternal great-grandmother -- i.e., my maternal grandfather's mother -- was a daughter of Joseph M. and Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher, the progenitors of the "cousins" who are the subject of this book. Babe (Hardman) Emerson, but also her sister Bug (Hardman) Wetherall (my mother), contributed stories and a few photographs to the book. One of the co-authors, George Golding, visited our home in Grass Valley when making the rounds of Gallaher cousins in California. His wife, Joyce Golding, is a granddaughter of Amy Zerilda (Gallaher) Craft, a daughter of Joseph M. Gallaher, whose family with Mary Ann Kees are the central protagonists of "The Gallaher Trail" narrative.

"old enough to vote"

Right arithmetic, wrong math

The authors of Empire of Cousins attribute the photo on the cover to "Dorene (Morgan) Leake of Vancouver, a granddaughter of Nellie Anna (Gallaher) Walker" and describe the photo as follows.

The young mother was Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher who married her cousin Joseph M. Gallaher when she was a teenager, and had three children by the time she was old enough to vote. She seems to have always been pictured with a child in her arms, or at her knee, here she has both. The child on her knee is her daughter Amy Zerilda Gallaher, named for Joseph's mother Sarah Amy (Kees) Gallaher, and for Mary Ann's mother, Zerilda Rebecca (Fry) Kees. The boy is her second son, Oscar S. Gallaher.

The photo, by H.M. Rice, would have been taken in 1863, after Mary Ann and Joseph had left their first homestead on Hardscrabble Creek north of Roseburg [in Oregon], and about the time they left the Willamette Valley for eastern Oregon.

This is a good example of what I like to call "the right arithmetic but the wrong math". The arithemetic is simple enough to do on your fingers.

Mary Ann Kees

Age  Date         Event

 0   1840-12-19   Birth
16   1857-08-09   Marriage
17   1858-06-17   1st child Joseph Elmer born
19   1860-01      2nd child Oscar S. born
21   1862-09-12   3rd child Amy Zerilda born
23   1864-12-07   4th child Lucy Jane born
29   1870-07-27   5th child Nellie Anna born
33   1874-08-30   6th child William A. born
35   1876-09-28   7th child Ivan Albert born 
65   Spring 106   Death

At the time the Goldings published Empire of Cousins in 1995, the voting age in the United States was 21. But even if Mary Ann had actually given birth to 3 children before she became 21 (she appears to have turned 21 shortly before she conceived her 3rd child), she would not have been able to vote until 1910, 4 years after her death, when Washington became the 1st state in the 20th century, and the 5th state in the Union, to extend rights of suffrage to women. The 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which granted rights of suffrage to American women in all states, wasn't passed until August 1920.

Census reports

The 1870 census for Walla Walla in Washington Territory shows Joseph J.W. Gallaher (34), a farmer, with his wife Mary (28), keeping house, with Elmer (12), Oscar (10), Amy (8), and Lucy (5), and Wm. Gallaher (35), a preacher.

Cousin marriages

George Frederic Calvert, the younger brother of Albert Hardman's mother, Jane Calvert, was was born on 26 February 1845 in New Brunswick, Canada, and died on 10 June 1909 in Albion, Washington. He married Louisa Maria Kenoyer (1853–1950) on 12 November 1868 in Walla Walla, Washington. Louisa was born on 8 March 1853 in Union, Wisconsin, and died on 8 March 1950 in Albion, Whitman County, Washington.

An obituary that reported ran in the 18 June 1909 edition of The Colfax Gazette read as follows (unconfirmed, Ancestry.com).

George Calvert, a pioneer of Washington, and with his family a resident of Albion for a year past, died after a lingering illness at his home last Thursday morning. The funeral was held from the United Brethren church last Saturday, Rev. Hughey conducting the services. Mr. Calvert leaves a wife and eight children, three sons and five daughters, to mourn their loss, besides many friends who will ever miss the quiet sufferer whose long-time friendship was so loyal.

George and Louisa Calvert had 10 children (unconfirmed, www.findagrave.com).

Laura Annette Calvert Gallaher (1870-1945)
Samuel Cooper Calvert (1871-1885)
Edgar Burton Calvert (1874-1885)
Adorthy Jane Calvert Ferguson (1877-1971)
Lillie May Calvert (1879-1883)
Infant Son Calvert (1881-)
Mary Elizabeth Calvert Taylor (1882-1963)
George Frederick Calvert (1887-1968)
Asa Merritt Calvert (1891-1981)
Minnie Mabel Calvert Finch (1896-1962)

Calvert, Hardman, Gallaher, and Kees family lines became very entangled.

Jane C. Calvert and George F. Calvert were siblings
Albert Christopher Hardman was Jane Clavert's son
Laura Annette Calvert was George Calvert's daughter
Hence Albert and Laura were 1st cousins

Albert Hardman married Lucy Gallaher
Laura Calvert married Edward Gallaher
Lucy and Edward were 2nd cousins
Lucy's and Edward's children were 3rd cousins
Lucy's son Roydan Hardman married Edward's daughter Mary Louisa Gallaher

William Gallaher married Sarah Amy Kees.
Lucy's own parents, Joseph Gallaher and Mary Ann Kees, were 1st cousins.

Edward Lincoln Gallaher was the son of Oliver Crawford Gallaher (1830-1916) and Mary E. (Maley) Gallaher (1840-1880). Oliver was the son of William Crawford Gallaher [II] (1803-1877) and Sarah Amy (Kees) Gallaher (1810-1856). His brother, Joseph M. Gallaher (1833-1905), married Mary Ann Kees (1840-1905/06), who was a daughter of Andrew F. Kees (1817-1886) and Zerelda Rebeccah Fry (1820-1856). Since Andrew Kees was Sarah Amy Kees brother, Joseph Gallaher and Mary Ann Kees were 1st cousins.

Andrew F. Kees (1817-1886)  Zerelda Rebeccah Fry (1820-1856)
           |                                   |
           |____________ Marriage ________ ____|
               |                          |
               |        Siblings          |
       Sarah Amy Kees              Andrew F. Kees
            Marriage                   Marriage
       William C. Gallaher II      Zerelda Rebeccah Fry 
               |                          |
               |        1st cousins       |
0. Joseph M. Gallaher           Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher
           |                                   |
           |____________ Marriage ________ ____|
               |                          |
               |         Siblings         |
1. Amy Zerilda (Gallaher) Craft    Lucy Jane (Gallaher) Hardman
               |                          |
               |        1st cousins       |
2. Jennie Lucile (Craft) Buttner   Owen Monroe Hardman
               |                          |
               |        2nd cousins       |
3. Joyce Mary (Buttner) Golding    Louida Orene (Hardman) Wetherall
               |                          |
               |        3rd cousins       |
4. Golding children                Wetherall children
    (including)                     (including)
     Joyce Golding                   William Wetherall
     Coauthor of                     Producer of this
      Empire of Cousins         Wetherall Family History

Thomas W. Calvert (1800–1864)   Mary Maria "Rye" Thomas (1802–1875)
           |                                    |
           |_____________ Marriage _____________|
               |                            |
               |                            |
        Jane Calvert  George Hardman    George Calvert   Louisa Maria Kenoyer
         (1842-1917)     (c1841-?)	     (1845-1909)        (1853-1950)
              |                |              |                  |
              |___ Marriage ___|              |____ Marriage ____|
                      |                                |
                      |                                |
          Albert Christopher Hardman          Laura Anetta Calvert
                   Marriage                         Marriage
              Lucy Jane Gallaher             Oliver Craford Gallaher
                      |                                |
                      |          2nd cousins           |
             Royden Leslie Hardman        Mary Louise [Louisa] Gallaher
                 (1883-1950)                      (1892-1945)
                      |                                |
                      |___________ Marriage ___________|

Lucy A. [J.] (Gallaher) Hardman 7 Dec 1864 - 20 Feb 1904 Wetherall Family clipping

"our beloved wife and mother" Albert C. Hardman and Children Wetherall Family clipping

Jane (Calvert) (Hardman) (McBride) Reid [not "Ried" or "Reed"] 5 Jul 1842 - 14 Dec 1917 Wetherall (Hardman-Hunter) Family clippings

Albert C. Hardman 18 Feb 1860/1861 - 12 Sep 1929 Wetherall Family clipping

Owen Monroe Hardman 21 March 1890 - 24 Aug 1949 Wetherall (Hardman-Hunter) Family clipping

Carrol "Carl" Percy Hardman 23 Jul 1885 - 28 Feb 1955 Wetherall Family clipping

Albert "Dick" Frances Hardman 14 Feb 1897 - 30 Jul 1975 Wetherall Family clipping

Hardman-Gallaher obituaries

Hardman and Hunter graves in Central Ridge Cemetery, Lewis County, Idaho TL   Central Ridge Cemetery from road TR   Albert Christopher Hardman (1860-1929) [sic] BL   Lucy Jane (Gallaher) Hardman (1864-1904) BR   Ida Francis (Thomas) Hunter (1872-1920) and Albert Douglas Hunter (1862-1945) Undated and unattributed prints in Wetherall Family Collection
Hunger headstone in Central Ridge Cemetery Ida Francis (Thomas) Hunter (1872-1920) Albert Douglas Hunter (1862-1945) Resized image shared by Niki Lee on 14 June 2014 Someone has scrubbed the prairie dust and moss off the stonework
Lucy Hardman's headstone, Central Ridge Cemetery, Lewis County, Idaho Left   Photo taken by William O. Wetherall, 1977 Right   Photo taken by Niki Lee Thomas, 2014 Niki and her husband Tom Lee, my third cousin, visited Central Ridge Cemetery from their home in Lewiston to photograph the countryside and graveyard
Headstone of Jennie (Baker) (Shepperson) (Hardman) Wickersham (1885-1947) and Isaac E. Wickersham (1870-1947) Normal Hill Cemetery, Lewiston, Idaho Photograph by sue copped from Find a Grave Headstone of Donald Raymond Jacobson (1927-1988), Emma M. Hardman's son Normal Hill Cemetery, Lewiston, Idaho Photograph by Kerry copped from Find a Grave
Headstone of Raymond J. Jacobson (1907-1936) Civil Bend Cemetery, Winston, Douglas County, Oregon Photograph by Larry Aichele copped from Find a Grave	Headstone of Bertha A. Hardman (1882-1882) Greasewood Cemetery, Helix, Umatilla County, Oregon Photograph by Arthur_Allen_Moore_III copped from Find a Grave
Above   Headstone of William Albert Hardman (1887-1967) Lewis-Clark Memorial Gardens, Lewiston, Nez Perce County, Idaho Photograph by David Olson copped from Find a Grave Right   Headstones of John William Shepperson (1902-1902) Central Ridge Cemetery, Lewis County, Idaho Photograph by Banks copped from Find a Grave
Headstones of Royden Leslie Hardman (1883-1950) and his 1st wife Nellie Vienna (Williams) (Hardman) Thomas (1888-1970) and his 2nd wife Mary Louise (Gallaher) Hardman (1892-1945) Royden's and Mary's headstones in Weseman Cemetery, Orofino, Clearwater County, Idaho Photographs by PassingTime and Rosie copped from Find a Grave (www.findagrave.com) Nellie's headstone in Pajaro Valley Memorial Park, Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, California Photograph by Bridget copped from Find a Grave
Headstones of Carl Hardman (1885-1955) and Ina Hardman (1908-1993) Central Ridge Cemetery, Lewis County, Idaho Photographs by G Ingram copped from Find a Grave
Grave markers of Joseph M. Gallaher (1833-1905), Father of Ivan and Mary Ann (Kees) Gallaher (1840-1906), Mother of Ivan Woodland Cemetery, Idaho County, Idaho Photographs by Lynn Erb copped from Find a Grave
Jane Calvert (1842-1917) is buried as "Jane C. McBride" at River View Cemetry in Portland, Oregon. She shares the headstone of her daughter, Anna M. Kidwell (1873-1950) and Anna's husband James C. Kidwell (1866-1947), in this order, left to right. Photograph by FriendsofRiverView copped from Find a Grave	Headstone of Laura A. Gallaher (1870-1945) and Edward L. Gallaher (1861-1948) Kamiah Cemetery, Kamiah, Lewis County, Idaho Photograph by Larry Linehan copped from Find a Grave
	George and Louisa Calvert headstones George Frederick Calvert (1845-1909) and Louisa Maria (Kenoyer) Calvert (1853-1950) Albion Cemetery in Albion, Whitman County, Washington Photograph by sue copped from Find a Grave
Headstone of William C. Gallaher (1803-1877) Roseville Cemetery, Buroker, Walla Walla County, Washington Photograph by prullmw copped from Find a Grave	Headstone of Oliver Crawford Gallaher (1830-1916) Mountain View Vemetery, Walla Walla, Walla Walla County, Washington Photograph by Nella and Roberts copped from Find a Grave

Central Ridge Cemetery after light snow Photograph by Dick Jones copped from Find a Grave

Hardman-Gallaher graves

Hardman and Gallaher graves are found in a several northwest cemeteries. Many members of the Hardman family who homesteaded on Central Ridge are interred in the Central Ridge Cemetery.

Lucy Hardman (1864-1904)

Lucy Hardman, the wife of Albert Hardman, is buried at Central Ridge Cemetery, which was between their ranch and the postal town of Steele in Idaho. Central Ridge was in Nez Perce County at the time she died. Later it became part of Lewis County.

Lucy's headstone bears the following inscription.

ASLEEP IN JESUS
HARDMAN
HE GIVETH HIS BELOVED SLEEP
LUCY HARDMAN
WIFE OF
ALBERT C. HARDMAN
BORN DEC 7 1864
DIED FEB 20 1904
LIVED 39 Ys 2 Ms 13 Ds

"Asleep in Jesus" spans the pages of the open Bible on the top of the headstone. The words are the title and theme of a hymn or dirge written by 1832 by Margaret Mackay (1802-1887). They came to be sung to a score called "Rest" written in 1843 by William B. Bradbury (1816-1868).

Asleep, in Jesus! Blessed sleep,
From which none ever wakes to weep;

"He giveth his beloved sleep" is from Psalms 127:2 in the 1611 King James Version of the Bible.

It is vain for you to rise up early, to sit up late, to eat the bread of sorrows: for so he giveth his beloved sleep.
          -- King James Bible "Authorized Version", Cambridge Edition

The phrase inspired the title of an 8-stanza poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861). The poem was popularized in a thin volume published by Lee and Shepard in its "Illustrated Hymns and Poems" series in the 1880s. The volume had 18 pages of 9 leaves, including the title and copyright pages.

"HE GIVETH HIS BELOVED SLEEP"
BY ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
WITH DESIGNS BY MISS L. B. HUMPHREY
ENGRAVED BY ANDREW
BOSTON
LEE AND SHEPARD PUBLISHERS
NEW YORK CHARLES T DILLINGHAM
1882

Copyright, 1880,
By Lee and Shepard.

PSALM cxxvii. 2.

Other Hardman family graves at Central Ridge Cemetery

USGenWeb Archives for cemeteries in Idaho show the following Hardmans in Central Ridge Cemetery. All the Hardman graves are grouped together in Lot 21. The order of the names on the received list is alphabetical. I have ordered the list by generation and relationship, and shown the information on the line following the name. Otherwise, the text is as received.

NAME               BORN          DIED         
Hardman, Albert C. Feb 18, 1860  Sep 12, 1929   
Hardman, Lucy      Dec  7, 1864  Feb 20, 1904
  WIFE OF ALBERT C.
Hardman, Lloyd     May 23, 1907  Apr 27, 1908
  SON OF A. C. & JENNIE M.
Hardman, Carl P.                 Feb 28, 1955
  AGED 69 YRS 7 MOS 5 DAYS (metal marker)
Hardman, Ina       Oct 07, 1908  Aug 30, 1993
  WIFE OF CARL
Hardman, Baby 'Allen'  Jul 12, 1914  Sep 26, 1914
  (no stone)
Hardman, Ethel
  (no stone)
HARDMAN            AGED 39 Y 2 M 13 D

"Ethel" was the daughter of William A. Hardman and his first wife, Florence. She was born in 1907, but reported "lived less than two years, died after an operation for a tumor" (Golding 1995, page 181).

Albert Christopher Hardman (1860-1929)
Son Carroll Percy "Carl" Hardman (1885-1955)
Carl's wife Ina Lou (McArthur) Hardman (1908-1993)
Son Lloyd Hardman (1907-1908)

USGenWeb Archives for cemeteries in Idaho show the following Hunters in Central Ridge Cemetery. All the Hardman graves are grouped together in Lot 25. The order of the names on the received list is alphabetical. I have ordered the list by generation and relationship, and shown the information on the line following the name. Otherwise, the text is as received.

NAME               BORN          DIED
Hunter, W. W.              1853          1923
Hunter, A. Douglas Apr 19, 1862  Feb 10, 1945
  (h of Ida)
Hunter, Ida F.             1872          1920
  (w of Douglas)
Hunter, L. E.
  {Louie Ellis}               1902         1943
Hunter, Florence 
Alma Devlin         Dec 18, 1905  Sep 8, 1943
  (no stone)

Gallaher graves in Woodland Cemetery

Woodland Cemetery, north of Kamiah in Idaho County, Idaho, has the following Gallaher markers (from compilation by Carol Anglen posted at WOODLAND CEMETERY North of Kamiah).

SURNAME   GIVEN NAME  BIRTH DATE   DEATH DATE
   NOTES

GALLAHER  Arthur      15 Mar 1890  12 Aug 1912
  metal marker
GALLAHER  Cleta Irene*
GALLAHER  Joseph M.   no dates                
  "father of Ivan" metal marker
GALLAHER  Lila*          Nov 1905     Apr 1907
  *child of Ivan and Flora Gallaher
GALLAHER  Mary Ann    no dates                
  "mother of Ivan" metal marker
  *died in spring of 1905
GALLAHER  not given          1905         1907
  Brower-Wann metal marker
GALLAHER  Rhoda              1897   1 Jan 1903
  metal marker
  *daughter of Elmer & Laura Gallaher
GALLAHER  Zenna       14 Feb 1911  25 Oct 1913
  metal marker
  *Zena Agnes

1. Arthur Gallager (1890-1912) was the 2nd child and 2nd son of 14 children and 6 sons of Edward Lincoln Gallaher and Laura Annette Calvert, who were 2nd cousins.
2. Cleta Irene Gallaher (8 April 1913 - 27 July 1991) was Edward and Laura's 14th and last child.
3. Joseph M. and Mary Ann Gallaher were Ivan Albert Gallaher's parents. Ivan Gallaher (later Ivan Hart) was the last of Joseph's and Mary's 7 children. He and Edward were 1st cousins.
4. Lila was Ivan's daughter with Flora. I cannot identify "Lila Gallaher" and it seems unlikely that she could have been born to Ivan and Flora. The Name and the dates may be an error for "Edna Mae Gallaher" (12 June 1905 - 23 May 1907), their first child and daughter, who reportedly was buried at Woodland Cemetery after crawling under a fence and drowning in a well (Golding 1995, pages 180, 300). Their 2nd daughter was Lela Louise Gallaher (29 January 1907 - 23 Sep 1995).
5. "Brower-Wann" was the name of a mortuary.
6. Rhoda was Joseph Elmer Gallaher's and Laura's A. Dustin's daughter. Elmer was the first of Joseph and Mary's 7 children.
7. Zena Agnes Gallaher (February 1911 - 25 October 1913) was Edward and Laura's 13th child.

Left   Right

Lucy Hardman's autograph books

Lucy Jane (Gallaher) Hardman (c1864-1904) left two autograph books which came into the possession of her daughter-in-law Ullie May (Hunter) Hardman, who passed them on to her daughter, my mother, Louida Orene (Hardman) Wetherall (1913-2003). The autograph books, and other Hardman-Hunter family materials, are in my possession in Japan, and will pass down to my children.

Eventually I will scans some of the more interesting autographs, which clearly show that the half-siblings and 1st cousins of the Hardman, McBride, and Gallaher families remained in touch through at least the end of the 19th century.

Hardman family "picture Letter"