Declarations and treaties

Whereas the Allied Powers and Japan are resolved that henceforth their relations shall be those of nations which, as sovereign equals, cooperate in friendly association to promote their common welfare and to maintain international peace and security, and are therefore desirous of concluding a Treaty of Peace which will settle questions still outstanding as a result of the existence of a state of war between them;

Whereas Japan for its part declares its intention to apply for membership in the United Nations and in all circumstances to conform to the principles of the Charter of the United Nations; to strive to realize the objectives of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; to seek to create within Japan conditions of stability and well-being as defined in Articles 55 and 56 of the Charter of the United Nations and already initiated by post-surrender Japanese legislation; and in public and private trade and commerce to conform to internationally accepted fair practices;

Whereas the Allied Powers welcome the intentions of Japan set out in the foregoing paragraph;

The Allied Powers and Japan have therefore determined to conclude the present Treaty of Peace, and have accordingly appointed the undersigned Plenipotentiaries, who, after presentation of their full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed on the following provisions:

連合国及び日本国は，両者の関係が，今後，共通の福祉を増進し且つ国際の平和及び安全を維持するために主権を有する対等のものとして友好的な連携の下に協力する国家の間の関係でなければならないことを決意し，よつて，両者の間の戦争状態の存在の結果として今なお未決である問題を解決する平和条約を締結することを希望するので，

日本国としては，国際連合への加盟を申請し且つあらゆる場合に国際連合憲章の原則を遵守し，世界人権宣言の目的を実現するために努力し，国際連合憲章第五十五条及び第五十六条に定められ且つ既に降伏後の日本国の法制によつて作られはじめた安定及び福祉の条件を日本国内に創造するために努力し，並びに公私の貿易及び通商において国際的に承認された公正な慣行に従う意思を宣言するので

連合国は，前項に掲げた日本国の意思を歓迎するので，

よつて，連合国及び日本国は，この平和条約を締結することに決定し，これに応じて下名の全権委員を任命した。これらの全権委員は，その全権委任状を示し，それが良好妥当であると認められた後，次の規定を協定した。

Article 1

(a) The state of war between Japan and each of the Allied Powers is terminated as from the date on which the present Treaty comes into force between Japan and the Allied Power concerned as provided for in Article 23.

(b) The Allied Powers recognize the full sovereignty of the Japanese people over Japan and its territorial waters.

第一条

（ａ）日本国と各連合国との間の戦争状態は，第二十三条の定めるところによりこの条約が日本国と当該連合国との間に効力を生ずる日に終了する。

（ｂ）連合国は，日本国及びその領水に対する日本国民の完全な主権を承認する。

Article 2

(a) Japan, recognizing the independence of Korea, renounces all right, title, and claim to Korea, including the islands of Quelpart, Port Hamilton and Dagelet.

(b) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to Formosa and the Pescadores.

(c) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Kurile Islands, and to that portion of Sakhalin and the islands adjacent to it over which Japan acquired sovereignty as a consequence of the Treaty of Portsmouth of September, 5, 1905.

(d) Japan renounces all right, title and claim in connection with the League of Nations Mandate System, and accepts the action of the United Nations Security Council of April 2, 1947, extending the trusteeship system to the Pacific Islands formerly under mandate to Japan.

(e) Japan renounces all claim to any right or title to or interest in connection with any part of the Antarctic area, whether deriving from the activities of Japanese nationals or otherwise.

(f) Japan renounces all right, title and claim to the Spratly Islands and to the Paracel Islands.

第二条

（ａ）日本国は，朝鮮の独立を承認して，済州島，巨文島及び欝陵島を含む朝鮮に対するすべての権利，権原及び請求権を放棄する。

（ｂ）日本国は，台湾及び澎湖諸島に対するすべての権利，権原及び請求権を放棄する。

（ｃ）日本国は，千島列島並びに日本国が千九百五年九月五日のポーツマス条約の結果として主権を獲得した樺太の一部及びこれに近接する諸島に対するすべての権利，権原及び請求権を放棄する。

（ｄ）日本国は，国際連盟の委任統治制度に関連するすべての権利，権原及び請求権を放棄し，且つ，以前に日本国の委任統治の下にあつた太平洋の諸島に信託統治制度を及ぼす千九百四十七年四月二日の国際連合安全保障理事会の行動を受諾する。

（ｅ）日本国は，日本国民の活動に由来するか又は他に由来するかを問わず，南極地域のいずれの部分に対する権利若しくは権原又はいずれの部分に関する利益についても，すべての請求権を放棄する。

（ｆ）日本国は，新南群島及び西沙群島に対するすべての権利，権原及び請求権を放棄する。

第三条

日本国は，北緯二十九度以南の南西諸島（琉球諸島及び大東諸島を含む。）孀婦岩の南の南方諸島（小笠原群島，西之島及び火山列島を含む。）並びに沖の鳥島及び南鳥島を合衆国を唯一の施政権者とする信託統治制度の下におくこととする国際連合に対する合衆国のいかなる提案にも同意する。このような提案が行われ且つ可決されるまで，合衆国は，領水を含むこれらの諸島の領域及び住民に対して，行政，立法及び司法上の権力の全部及び一部を行使する権利を有するものとする。

Article 4

(a) Subject to the provisions of paragraph (b) of this Article, the disposition of property of Japan and of its nationals in the areas referred to in Article 2, and their claims, including debts, against the authorities presently administering such areas and the residents (including juridical persons) thereof, and the disposition in Japan of property of such authorities and residents, and of claims, including debts, of such authorities and residents against Japan and its nationals, shall be the subject of special arrangements between Japan and such authorities. The property of any of the Allied Powers or its nationals in the areas referred to in Article 2 shall, insofar as this has not already been done, be returned by the administering authority in the condition in which it now exists. (The term nationals whenever used in the present Treaty includes juridical persons.)

(b) Japan recognizes the validity of dispositions of property of Japan and Japanese nationals made by or pursuant to directives of the United States Military Government in any of the areas referred to in Articles 2 and 3.

(c) Japanese owned submarine cables connecting Japan with territory removed from Japanese control pursuant to the present Treaty shall be equally divided, Japan retaining the Japanese terminal and adjoining half of the cable, and the detached territory the remainder of the cable and connecting terminal facilities.

第四条

（ａ）この条の（ｂ）の規定を留保して，日本国及びその国民の財産で第二条に掲げる地域にあるもの並びに日本国及びその国民の請求権（債権を含む。）で現にこれらの地域の施政を行つている当局及びそこの住民（法人を含む。）に対するものの処理並びに日本国におけるこれらの当局及び住民の財産並びに日本国及びその国民に対するこれらの当局及び住民の請求権（債権を含む。）の処理は，日本国とこれらの当局との間の特別取極の主題とする。第二条に掲げる地域にある連合国又はその国民の財産は，まだ返還されていない限り，施政を行つている当局が現状で返還しなければならない。（国民という語は，この条約で用いるときはいつでも，法人を含む。）

（ｂ）日本国は，第二条及び第三条に掲げる地域のいずれかにある合衆国軍政府により，又はその指令に従つて行われた日本国及びその国民の財産の処理の効力を承認する。

（ｃ）日本国とこの条約に従つて日本国の支配から除かれる領域とを結ぶ日本所有の海底電線は，二等分され，日本国は，日本の終点施設及びこれに連なる電線の半分を保有し，分離される領域は，残りの電線及びその終点施設を保有する。

Article 5

(a) Japan accepts the obligations set forth in Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations, and in particular the obligations.

(i) to settle its international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered;

(ii) to refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations;

(iii) to give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the Charter and to refrain from giving assistance to any State against which the United Nations may take preventive or enforcement action.

(b) The Allied Powers confirm that they will be guided by the principles of Article 2 of the Charter of the United Nations in their relations with Japan.

(c) The Allied Powers for their part recognize that Japan as a sovereign nation possesses the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense referred to in Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations and that Japan may voluntarily enter into collective security arrangements.

第五条

（ａ）日本国は，国際連合憲章第二条に掲げる義務，特に次の義務を受諾する。

（i）その国際紛争を，平和的手段によつて国際の平和及び安全並びに正義を危うくしないように解決すること。

（ii）その国際関係において，武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は，いかなる国の領土保全又は政治的独立に対するものも，また，国際連合の目的と両立しない他のいかなる方法によるものも慎むこと。

（iii）国際連合が憲章に従つてとるいかなる行動についても国際連合にあらゆる援助を与え，且つ，国際連合が防止行動又は強制行動をとるいかなる国に対しても援助の供与を慎むこと。

（ｂ）連合国は，日本国との関係において国際連合憲章第二条の原則を指針とすべきことを確認する。

（ｃ）連合国としては，日本国が主権国として国際連合憲章第五十一条に掲げる個別的又は集団的自衛の固有の権利を有すること及び日本国が集団的安全保障取極を自発的に締結することができることを承認する。

Article 6

(a) All occupation forces of the Allied Powers shall be withdrawn from Japan as soon as possible after the coming into force of the present Treaty, and in any case not later than 90 days thereafter. Nothing in this provision shall, however, prevent the stationing or retention of foreign armed forces in Japanese territory under or in consequence of any bilateral or multilateral agreements which have been or may be made between one or more of the Allied Powers, on the one hand, and Japan on the other.

(b) The provisions of Article 9 of the Potsdam Proclamation of July 26, 1945, dealing with the return of Japanese military forces to their homes, to the extent not already completed, will be carried out.

(c) All Japanese property for which compensation has not already been paid, which was supplied for the use of the occupation forces and which remains in the possession of those forces at the time of the coming into force of the present Treaty, shall be returned to the Japanese Government within the same 90 days unless other arrangements are made by mutual agreement.

第六条

（ａ）連合国のすべての占領軍は，この条約の効力発生の後なるべくすみやかに，且つ，いかなる場合にもその後九十日以内に，日本国から撤退しなければならない。但し，この規定は，一又は二以上の連合国を一方とし，日本国を他方として双方の間に締結された若しくは締結される二国間若しくは多数国間の協定に基く，又はその結果としての外国軍隊の日本国の領域における駐とん｛前２文字強調｝又は駐留を妨げるものではない。

（ｂ）日本国軍隊の各自の家庭への復帰に関する千九百四十五年七月二十六日のポツダム宣言の第九項の規定は，まだその実施が完了されていない限り，実行されるものとする。

（ｃ）まだ代価が支払われていないすべての日本財産で，占領軍の使用に供され，且つ，この条約の効力発生の時に占領軍が占有しているものは，相互の合意によつて別段の取極が行われない限り，前期の九十日以内に日本国政府に返還しなければならない。

Article 7

(a) Each of the Allied Powers, within one year after the present Treaty has come into force between it and Japan, will notify Japan which of its prewar bilateral treaties or conventions with Japan it wishes to continue in force or revive, and any treaties or conventions so notified shall continue in force or be revived subject only to such amendments as may be necessary to ensure conformity with the present Treaty. The treaties and conventions so notified shall be considered as having been continued in force or revived three months after the date of notification and shall be registered with the Secretariat of the United Nations. All such treaties and conventions as to which Japan is not so notified shall be regarded as abrogated.

(b) Any notification made under paragraph (a) of this Article may except from the operation or revival of a treaty or convention any territory for the international relations of which the notifying Power is responsible, until three months after the date on which notice is given to Japan that such exception shall cease to apply.

第七条

（ａ）各連合国は，自国と日本国との間にこの条約が効力を生じた後一年以内に，日本国との戦前のいずれの二国間の条約又は協約を引き続いて有効とし又は復活させることを希望するかを日本国に通告するものとする。こうして通告された条約又は協約は，この条約に適合することを確保するための必要な修正を受けるだけで，引き続いて有効とされ，又は復活される。こうして通告された条約及び協約は，通告の日の後三箇月で，引き続いて有効なものとみなされ，又は復活され，且つ，国際連合事務局に登録されなければならない。日本国にこうして通告されないすべての条約及び協約は，廃棄されたものとみなす。

（ｂ）この条の（ａ）に基いて行う通告においては，条約又は協約の実施又は復活に関し，国際関係について通告国が責任をもつ地域を除外することができる。この除外は，除外の適用を終止することが日本国の通告される日の三箇月後まで行われるものとする。

Article 8

(a) Japan will recognize the full force of all treaties now or hereafter concluded by the Allied Powers for terminating the state of war initiated on September 1, 1939, as well as other arrangements by the Allied Powers or in connection with the restoration of peace. Japan also accepts the arrangements made for terminating the former League of Nations and Permanent Court of International Justice.

(b) Japan renounces all such rights and interests as it may derive from being a signatory power of the Conventions of St. Germain-en-Laye of September l0, 1919, and the Straits Agreement of Montreux of July 20, 1936, and from Article 16 of the Treaty of Peace with Turkey signed at Lausanne on July 24, 1923.

(c) Japan renounces all rights, title and interests acquired under, and is discharged from all obligations resulting from, the Agreement between Germany and the Creditor Powers of January 20, 1930, and its Annexes, including the Trust Agreement, dated May 17, 1930; the Convention of January 20, 1930, respecting the Bank for International Settlements; and the Statutes of the Bank for International Settlements. Japan will notify to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris within six months of the first coming into force of the present Treaty its renunciation of the rights, title and interests referred to in this paragraph.

第八条

（ａ）日本国は，連合国が千九百三十九年九月一日に開始された戦争状態を終了するために現に締結し又は今後締結するすべての条約及び連合国が平和の回復のため又はこれに関連して行う他の取極の完全な効力を承認する。日本国は，また，従前の国際連盟及び常設国際司法裁判所を終止するために行われた取極を受諾する。

（ｂ）日本国は，千九百十九年九月十日のサン・ジェルマン＝アン＝レイの諸条約及び千九百三十六年七月二十日のモントルーの海峡条約の署名国であることに由来し，並びに千九百二十三年七月二十四日にローザンヌで署名されたトルコとの平和条約の第十六条に由来するすべての権利及び利益を放棄する。

（ｃ）日本国は，千九百三十年一月二十日のドイツと債権国との間の協定及び千九百三十年五月十七日の信託協定を含むその附属書並びに千九百三十年一月二十日の国際決済銀行に関する条約及び国際決済銀行の定款に基いて得たすべての権利，権原及び利益を放棄し，且つ，それらから生ずるすべての義務を免かれる。日本国は，この条約の最初の効力発生の後六箇月以内に，この項に掲げる権利，権原及び利益の放棄をパリの外務省に通告するものとする。

Article 9

Japan will enter promptly into negotiations with the Allied Powers so desiring for the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements providing for the regulation or limitation of fishing and the conservation and development of fisheries on the high seas.

第九条

日本国は，公海における漁猟の規制又は制限並びに漁業の保存及び発展を規定する二国間及び多数国間の協定を締結するために，希望する連合国とすみやかに交渉を開始するものとする。

Article 10

Japan renounces all special rights and interests in China, including all benefits and privileges resulting from the provisions of the final Protocol signed at Peking on September 7, 1901, and all annexes, notes and documents supplementary thereto, and agrees to the abrogation in respect to Japan of the said protocol, annexes, notes and documents.

第十条

日本国は，千九百一年九月七日に北京で署名された最終議定書並びにこれを補足するすべての附属書，書簡及び文書の規定から生ずるすべての利得及び特権を含む中国におけるすべての特殊の権利及び利益を放棄し，且つ，前期の議定書，附属書，書簡及び文書を日本国に関して廃棄することに同意する。

Article 11

Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts both within and outside Japan, and will carry out the sentences imposed thereby upon Japanese nationals imprisoned in Japan. The power to grant clemency, to reduce sentences and to parole with respect to such prisoners may not be exercised except on the decision of the Government or Governments which imposed the sentence in each instance, and on the recommendation of Japan. In the case of persons sentenced by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, such power may not be exercised except on the decision of a majority of the Governments represented on the Tribunal, and on the recommendation of Japan.

第十一条

日本国は，極東国際軍事裁判所並びに日本国内及び国外の他の連合国戦争犯罪法廷の裁判を受諾し，且つ，日本国で拘禁されている日本国民にこれらの法廷が課した刑を執行するものとする。これらの拘禁されている物を赦免し，減刑し，及び仮出獄させる権限は，各事件について刑を課した一又は二以上の政府の決定及び日本国の勧告に基く場合の外，行使することができない。極東国際軍事裁判所が刑を宣告した者については，この権限は，裁判所に代表者を出した政府の過半数の決定及び日本国の勧告に基く場合の外，行使することができない。

Article 12

(a) Japan declares its readiness promptly to enter into negotiations for the conclusion with each of the Allied Powers of treaties or agreements to place their trading, maritime and other commercial relations on a stable and friendly basis.

(b) Pending the conclusion of the relevant treaty or agreement, Japan will, during a period of four years from the first coming into force of the present Treaty.

(1) accord to each of the Allied Powers, its nationals, products and vessels

(i) most-favored-nation treatment with respect to customs duties, charges, restrictions and other regulations on or in connection with the importation and exportation of goods;

(ii) national treatment with respect to shipping, navigation and imported goods, and with respect to natural and juridical persons and their interests-such treatment to include all matters pertaining to the levying and collection of taxes, access to the courts, the making and performance of contracts, rights to property (tangible and intangible), participation in juridical entities constituted under Japanese law, and generally the conduct of all kinds of business and professional activities;

(2) ensure that external purchases and sales of Japanese state trading enterprises shall be based solely on commercial considerations.

(c) In respect to any matter, however, Japan shall be obliged to accord to an Allied Power national treatment, or most-favored-nation treatment, only to the extent that the Allied Power concerned accords Japan national treatment or most-favored-nation treatment, as the case may be, in respect of the same matter. The reciprocity envisaged in the foregoing sentence shall be determined, in the case of products, vessels and juridical entities of, and persons domiciled in, any non-metropolitan territory of an Allied Power, and in the case of juridical entities of, and persons domiciled in, any state or province of an Allied Power having a federal government, by reference to the treatment accorded to Japan in such territory, state or province.

(d) In the application of this Article, a discriminatory measure shall not be considered to derogate from the grant of national or most-favored-nation treatment, as the case may be, if such measure is based on an exception customarily provided for in the commercial treaties of the party applying it, or on the need to safeguard that party's external financial position or balance of payments (except in respect to shipping and navigation), or on the need to maintain its essential security interests, and provided such measure is proportionate to the circumstances and not applied in an arbitrary or unreasonable manner.

(e) Japan's obligations under this Article shall not be affected by the exercise of any Allied rights under Article 14 of the present Treaty; nor shall the provisions of this Article be understood as limiting the undertakings assumed by Japan by virtue of Article 15 of the Treaty.

第十二条

（ａ）日本国は，各連合国と，貿易，海運その他の通商の関係を安定した且つ友交的な基礎の上におくために，条約又は協定を締結するための交渉をすみやかに開始する用意があることを宣言する。

（ｂ）該当する条約又は協定が締結されるまで，日本国は，この条約の最初の効力発生の後四年間，

（１）各連合国並びにその国民，産品及び船舶に次の待遇を与える。

（i）貨物の輸出入に対する，又これに関連する関税，課金，制限その他の規制に関する最恵国待遇

（ii）海運，航海及び輸入貨物に関する内国民待遇並びに自然人，法人及びその利益に関する内国民待遇。この待遇は，税金の賦課及び徴収，裁判を受けること，契約の締結及び履行，財産権（有体財産及び無体財産に関するもの），日本国の法律に基いて組織された法人への参加並びに一般にあらゆる種類の事業活動及び職業活動の遂行に関するすべての事項を含むものとする。

（２）日本国の国営商企業の国外における売買が商業的考慮にのみ基くことを確保する。

（ｃ）もつとも，いずれの事項に関しても，日本国は，連合国が当該事項についてそれぞれ内国民待遇又は最恵国待遇を日本に与える限定においてのみ，当該連合国に内国民待遇又は最恵国待遇を与える義務を負うものとする。前段に定める相互主義は，連合国の非本土地域の産品，船舶，法人及びそこに住所を有する人の場合並びに連邦政府をもつ連合国の邦又は法人及びそこに住所を有する人の場合には，その地域，邦又は州において日本国に与えられる待遇に照らして決定される。

（ｄ）この条の適用上，差別的措置であつて，それを適用する当事国の通商条約に通常規定されている例外に基くもの，その当事国の対外的財政状態若しくは国際収支を保護する必要に基くもの（海運及び航海に関するものを除く。）又は重大な安全上の利益を維持する必要に基くものは，事態に相応しており，且つ，ほしいままな又は不合理な方法で適用されない限り，それぞれ内国民待遇又は最恵国待遇の許与を害するものと認めてはならない。

（ｅ）この条に基く日本国の義務は，この条約の第十四条に基く連合国の権利の行使によつて影響されるものではない。また，この条の規定は，この条約の第十五条によつて日本国が引き受ける約束を制限するものと了解してはならない。

Article 13

(a) Japan will enter into negotiations with any of the Allied Powers, promptly upon the request of such Power or Powers, for the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral agreements relating to international civil air transport.

(b) Pending the conclusion of such agreement or agreements, Japan will, during a period of four years from the first coming into force of the present Treaty, extend to such Power treatment not less favorable with respect to air-traffic rights and privileges than those exercised by any such Powers at the date of such coming into force, and will accord complete equality of opportunity in respect to the operation and development of air services.

(c) Pending its becoming a party to the Convention on International Civil Aviation in accordance with Article 93 thereof, Japan will give effect to the provisions of that Convention applicable to the international navigation of aircraft, and will give effect to the standards, practices and procedures adopted as annexes to the Convention in accordance with the terms of the Convention.

第十三条

（ａ）日本国は，国際民間航空運送に関する二国間又は多数国間の協定を締結するため，一又は二以上の連合国の要請があつたときはすみやかに，当該連合国と交渉を開始するものとする。

（ｂ）一又は二以上の前期の協定が締結されるまで，日本国は，この条約の最初の効力発生の時から四年間，この効力発生の日にいずれかの連合国が行使しているところよりも不利でない航空交通の権利及び特権に関する待遇を当該連合国に与え，且つ，航空業務の運営及び発達に関する完全な機会均等を与えるものとする。

（ｃ）日本国は，国際民間航空条約第九十三条に従つて同条約の当事国となるまで，航空機の国際航空に適用すべきこの条約の規定を実施し，且つ，同条約の条項に従つて同条約の附属書として採択された標準，方式及び手続を実施するものとする。

Article 14

(a) It is recognized that Japan should pay reparations to the Allied Powers for the damage and suffering caused by it during the war. Nevertheless it is also recognized that the resources of Japan are not presently sufficient, if it is to maintain a viable economy, to make complete reparation for all such damage and suffering and at the same time meet its other obligations.

Therefore,

1. Japan will promptly enter into negotiations with Allied Powers so desiring, whose present territories were occupied by Japanese forces and damaged by Japan, with a view to assisting to compensate those countries for the cost of repairing the damage done, by making available the services of the Japanese people in production, salvaging and other work for the Allied Powers in question. Such arrangements shall avoid the imposition of additional liabilities on other Allied Powers, and, where the manufacturing of raw materials is called for, they shall be supplied by the Allied Powers in question, so as not to throw any foreign exchange burden upon Japan.

2. (I) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (II) below, each of the Allied Powers shall have the right to seize, retain, liquidate or otherwise dispose of all property, rights and interests of

(a) Japan and Japanese nationals,

(b) persons acting for or on behalf of Japan or Japanese nationals, and

(c) entities owned or controlled by Japan or Japanese nationals,

which on the first coming into force of the present Treaty were subject to its jurisdiction. The property, rights and interests specified in this sub-paragraph shall include those now blocked, vested or in the possession or under the control of enemy property authorities of Allied Powers, which belonged to, or were held or managed on behalf of, any of the persons or entities mentioned in (a), (b) or (c) above at the time such assets came under the controls of such authorities.

(II) The following shall be excepted from the right specified in sub-paragraph (I) above:

(i) property of Japanese natural persons who during the war resided with the permission of the Government concerned in the territory of one of the Allied Powers, other than territory occupied by Japan, except property subjected to restrictions during the war and not released from such restrictions as of the date of the first coming into force the present Treaty;

(ii) All real property, furniture and fixtures owned by the Government of Japan and used for diplomatic or consular purposes, and all personal furniture and furnishings and other private property not of an investment nature which was normally, necessary for the carrying out of diplomatic and consular functions, owned by Japanese" diplomatic and consular personnel;

(iii) property belonging to religious bodies or private charitable institutions and used exclusively for religious or charitable purposes;

(iv) property, rights and interests which have come within its jurisdiction in consequence of the resumption of trade and financial relations subsequent to September 2, 1945, between the country concerned and Japan, except such as have resulted from transactions contrary to the laws of the Allied Power concerned;

(v) obligations of Japan or Japanese nationals, any right, title or interest in tangible property located in Japan, interests in enterprises organized under the laws of Japan, or any paper evidence thereof; provided that this exception shall only apply to obligations of Japan and its nationals expressed in Japanese currency.

(III) Property referred to in exceptions (i) through (v) above shall be returned subject to reasonable expenses for its preservation and administration. If any such property has been liquidated the proceeds shall be returned instead.

(IV) The right to seize, retain, liquidate or otherwise dispose of property as provided in sub-paragraph (I) above shall be exercised in accordance with the laws of the Allied Power concerned, and the owner shall have only such rights as may be given him by those laws.

(V) The Allied Powers agree to deal with Japanese trademarks and literary and artistic property rights on a basis as favorable to Japan as circumstances ruling in each country will permit.

(b) Except as otherwise provided in the present Treaty, the Allied Powers waive all reparations claims of the Allied Powers, other claims of the Allied Powers and their nationals arising out of any actions taken by Japan and its nationals in the course of the prosecution of the war, and claims of the Allied Powers for direct military costs of occupation.

第十四条

（ａ）日本国は，戦争中に生じさせた損害及び苦痛に対して，連合国に賠償を支払うべきことが承認される。しかし，また，存立可能な経済を維持すべきものとすれば，日本国の資源は，日本国がすべての前記の損害又は苦痛に対して完全な賠償を行い且つ同時に他の債務を履行するためには現在充分でないことが承認される。

よつて，

１　日本国は，現在の領域が日本国軍隊によつて占領され，且つ，日本国によつて損害を与えられた連合国が希望するときは，生産，沈船引揚げその他の作業における日本人の役務を当該連合国の利用に供することによつて，与えた損害を修復する費用をこれらの国に補償することに資するために，当該連合国とすみやかに交渉を開始するものとする。その取極は，他の連合国に追加負担を課することを避けなければならない。また，原材料からの製造が必要とされる場合には，外国為替上の負担を日本国に課さないために，原材料は，当該連合国が供給しなければならない。

２（Ｉ）次の（II）の規定を留保して，各連合国は，次に掲げるもののすべての財産，権利及び利益でこの条約の最初の効力発生の時にその管轄の下にあるものを差し押え，留置し，清算し，その他何らかの方法で処分する権利を有する。

（ａ）日本国及び日本国民

（ｂ）日本国又は日本国民の代理者又は代行者

並びに

（ｃ）日本国又は日本国民が所有し，又は支配した団体

この（Ｉ）に明記する財産，権利及び利益は，現に，封鎖され，若しくは所属を変じており，又は連合国の敵産管理当局の占有若しくは管理に係るもので，これらの資産が当該当局の管理の下におかれた時に前記の（ａ），（ｂ）又は（ｃ）に掲げるいずれかの人又は団体に属し，又はこれらのために保有され，若しくは管理されていたものを含む。

（II）次のものは，前記の（Ｉ）に明記する権利から除く。

（ｉ）日本国が占領した領域以外の連合国の一国の領域に当該政府の許可を得て戦争中に居住した日本の自然人の財産。但し，戦争中に制限を課され，且つ，この条約の最初の効力発生の日にこの制限を解除されない財産を除く。

（ii）日本国政府が所有し，且つ，外交目的又は領事目的に使用されたすべての不動産，家具及び備品並びに日本国の外交職員又は領事職員が所有したすべての個人の家具及び用具類その他の投資敵性質をもたない私有財産で外交機能又は領事機能の遂行に通常必要であつたもの

（iii）宗教団体又は私的慈善団体に属し，且つ，もつぱら宗教又は慈善の目的に使用した財産

（iv）関係国と日本国との間における千九百四十五年九月二日後の貿易及び金融の関係の再開の結果として日本国の管轄内にはいつた財産，権利及び利益。但し，当該連合国の法律に反する取引から生じたものを除く。

（ｖ）日本国若しくは日本国民の債務，日本国に所在する有体財産に関する権利，権原若しくは利益，日本国の法律に基いて組織された企業に関する利益又はこれらについての証書。但し，この例外は，日本国の通貨で表示された日本国及びその国民の債務にのみ適用する。

（III）前記の例外から（i）から（v）までに掲げる財産は，その保存及び管理のために要した合理的な費用が支払われることを条件として，返還されなければならない。これらの財産が清算されているときは，代りに売得金を返還しなければならない。

（ＩＶ）前記の（I）に規定する日本財産を差し押え，留置し，清算し，その他何らの方法で処分する権利は，当該連合国の法律に従つて行使され，所有者は，これらの法律によつて与えられる権利のみを有する。

（Ｖ）連合国は，日本の商標並びに文学的及び美術的著作権を各国の一般的事情が許す限り日本国に有利に取り扱うことに同意する。

（ｂ）この条約に別段の定がある場合を除き，連合国は，連合国のすべての賠償請求権，戦争の遂行中に日本国及びその国民がとつた行動から生じた連合国及びその国民の他の請求権並びに占領の直接軍事費に関する連合国の請求権を放棄する。

Article 15

(a) Upon application made within nine months of the coming into force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power concerned, Japan will, within six months of the date of such application, return the property, tangible and intangible, and all rights or interests of any kind in Japan of each Allied Power and its nationals which was within Japan at any time between December 7, 1941, and September 2, 1945, unless the owner has freely disposed thereof without duress or fraud. Such property shall be returned free of all encumbrances and charges to which it may have become subject because of the war, and without any charges for its return. Property whose return is not applied for by or on behalf of the owner or by his Government within the prescribed period may be disposed of by the Japanese Government as it may determine. In cases where such property was within Japan on December 7, 1941, and cannot be returned or has suffered injury or damage as a result of the war, compensation will be made on terms not less favorable than the terms provided in the draft Allied Powers Property Compensation Law approved by the Japanese Cabinet on July 13, 1951.

(b) With respect to industrial property rights impaired during the war, Japan will continue to accord to the Allied Powers and their nationals benefits no less than those heretofore accorded by Cabinet Orders No. 309 effective September 1 , 1949, No.12 effective January 28, 1950, and No. 9 effective February 1, 1950, all as now amended, provided such nationals have applied for such benefits within the time limits prescribed therein.

(c) (i) Japan acknowledges that the literary and artistic property rights which existed in Japan on December 6, 1941, in respect to the published and unpublished works of the Allied Powers and their nationals have continued in force since that date, and recognizes those rights which have arisen, or but for the war would have arisen, in Japan since that date, by the operation of any conventions and agreements to which Japan was a party on that date, irrespective of whether or not such conventions or agreements were abrogated or suspended upon or since the outbreak of war by the domestic law of Japan or of the Allied Power concerned.

(ii) Without the need for application by the proprietor of the right and without the payment of any fee or compliance with any other formality, the period from December 7, 1941, until the coming into force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power concerned shall be excluded from the running of the normal term of such rights; and such period, with an additional period of six months, shall be excluded from the time within which a literary work must be translated into Japanese in order to obtain translating rights in Japan.

第十五条

（ａ）この条約が日本国と当該連合国との間に効力を生じた後九箇月以内に申請があつたときは，日本国は，申請の日から六箇月以内に，日本国にある各連合国及びその国民の有体財産及び無体財産並びに種類のいかんを問わずすべての権利又は利益で，千九百四十一年十二月七日から千九百四十五年九月二日までの間のいずれかの時に日本国内にあつたものを返還する。但し，所有者が強迫又は詐欺によることなく自由にこれらを処分した場合は，この限りではない。この財産は，戦争があつたために課せられたすべての負担及び課金を免除して，その返還のための課金を課さずに返還しなければならない。所有者により若しくは所有者のために又は所有者の政府により所定の期間内に返還が申請されない財産は，日本国政府がその定めるところに従つて処分することができる。この財産が千九百四十一年十二月七日に日本国に所在し，且つ，返還することができず，又は戦争の結果として損傷若しくは損害を受けている場合には，日本国内閣が千九百五十一年七月十三日に決定した連合国財産補償法案の定める条件よりも不利でない条件で補償される。

（ｂ）戦争中に侵害された工業所有権については，日本国は，千九百四十九年九月一日施行の政令第三百九号，千九百五十年一月二十八日施行の政令第十二号及び千九百五十年二月一日施行の政令第九号（いずれも改正された現行のものとする。）によりこれまで与えられたところよりも不利でない利益を引き続いて連合国及びその国民に与えるものとする。但し，前記の国民がこれらの政令に定められた期限までにこの利益の許与を申請した場合に限る。

（ｃ）（i）日本国は，公にされ及び公になかつた連合国及びその国民の著作物に関して千九百四十一年十二月六日に日本国に存在した文学的及び美術的著作権がその日以後引き続いて効力を有することを認め，且つ，その日に日本国が当事国であつた条約又は協定が戦争の発生の時又はその時以後日本国又は当該連合国の国内法によつて廃棄され又は停止されたかどうかを問わず，これらの条約及び協定の実施によりその日以後日本国において生じ，又は戦争がなかつたならば生ずるはずであつた権利を承認する。

（ii）権利者による申請を必要とすることなく，且つ，いかなる手数料の支払又は他のいかなる手続もすることなく，千九百四十一年十二月七日から日本国と当該連合国との間にこの条約が効力を生ずるまでの期間は，これらの権利の通常期間から除算し，また，日本国において翻訳権を取得するために文学的著作物が日本語に翻訳されるべき期間からは，六箇月の期間を追加して除算しなければならない。

Article 16

As an expression of its desire to indemnify those members of the armed forces of the Allied Powers who suffered undue hard-ships while prisoners of war of Japan, Japan will transfer its assets and those of its nationals in countries which were neutral during the war, or which were at war with any of the Allied Powers, or, at its option, the equivalent of such assets, to the International Committee of the Red Cross which shall liquidate such assets and distribute the resultant fund to appropriate national agencies, for the benefit of former prisoners of war and their families on such basis as it may determine to be equitable. The categories of assets described in Article 14 (a) 2 (II) (ii) through (v) of the present Treaty shall be excepted from transfer, as well as assets of Japanese natural persons not residents of Japan on the first coming into force of the Treaty. It is equally understood that the transfer provision of this Article has no application to the 19,770 shares in the Bank for International Settlements presently owned by Japanese financial institutions.

第十六条

日本国の捕虜であつた間に不当な苦難を被つた連合国軍隊の構成員に償いをする願望の表現として，日本国は，戦争中中立であつた国にある又は連合国のいずれかと戦争していた国にある日本国及びその国民の資産又は，日本国が選択するときは，これらの資産と等価のものを赤十字国際委員会に引き渡すものとし，同委員会は，これらの資産を清算し，且つ，その結果生ずる資金を，同委員会が衡平であると決定する基礎において，捕虜であつた者及びその家族のために，適当な国内機関に対して分配しなければならない。この条約の第十四条（ａ）２（II）の（ii）から（v）までに掲げる種類の資産は，条約の最初の効力発生の時に日本国に居住しない日本の自然人の資産とともに，引渡しから除外する。またこの条の引渡規定は，日本国の金融機関が現に所有する一万九千七百七十株の国際決済銀行の株式には適用がないものと了解する。

Article 17

(a) Upon the request of any of the Allied Powers, the Japanese Government shall review and revise in conformity with international law any decision or order of the Japanese Prize Courts in cases involving ownership rights of nationals of that Allied Power and shall supply copies of all documents comprising the records of these cases, including the decisions taken and orders issued. In any case in which such review or revision shows that restoration is due, the provisions of Article 15 shall apply to the property concerned.

(b) The Japanese Government shall take the necessary measures to enable nationals of any of the Allied Powers at any time within one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty between Japan and the Allied Power concerned to submit to the appropriate Japanese authorities for review any judgment given by a Japanese court between December 7, 1941, and such coming into force, in any proceedings in which any such national was unable to make adequate presentation of his case either as plaintiff or defendant. The Japanese Government shall provide that, where the national has suffered injury by reason of any such judgment, he shall be restored in the position in which he was before the judgment was given or shall be afforded such relief as may be just and equitable in the circumstances.

第十七条

（ａ）いずれかの連合国の要請があつたときは，日本国政府は，当該連合国の国民の所有権に関係のある事件に関する日本国の捕獲審検所の決定又は命令を国際法に従い再審査して修正し，且つ，行われた決定及び発せられた命令を含めて，これらの事件の記録を構成するすべての文書の写を提供しなければならない。この再審査又は修正の結果，返還すべきことが明らかになつた場合には，第十五条の規定を当該財産に適用する。

（ｂ）日本国政府は，いずれかの連合国の国民が原告又は被告として事件について充分な陳述ができなかつた訴訟手続において，千九百四十一年十二月七日から日本国と当該連合国との間にこの条約が効力を生ずるまでの期間に日本国の裁判所が行なつた裁判を，当該国民が前記の効力発生の後一年以内にいつでも適当な日本国の機関に再審査のため提出することができるようにするために，必要な措置をとらなければならない。日本国政府は，当該国民が前記の裁判の結果損害を受けた場合には，その者をその裁判が行われる前の地位に回復するようにし，又はその者にそれぞれの事情の下において公平且つ衡平な救済が与えられるようにしなければならない。

Article 18

(a) It is recognized that the intervention of the state of war has not affected the obligation to pay pecuniary debts arising out of obligations and contracts (including those in respect of bonds) which existed and rights which were acquired before the existence of a state of war, and which are due by the Government or nationals of Japan to the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers, or are due by the Government or nationals of one of the Allied Powers to the Government or nationals of Japan. The intervention of a state of war shall equally not be regarded as affecting the obligation to consider on their merits claims for loss or damage to property or for personal injury or death which arose before the existence of a state of war, and which may be presented or represented by the Government of one of the Allied Powers to the Government of Japan, or by the Government of Japan to any of the Governments of the Allied Powers. The provisions of this paragraph are without prejudice to the rights conferred by Article 14.

(b) Japan affirms its liability for the prewar external debt of the Japanese State and for debts of corporate bodies subsequently declared to be liabilities of the Japanese State, and expresses its intention to enter into negotiations at an early date with its creditors with respect to the resumption of payments on those debts; to encourage negotiations in respect to other prewar claims and obligations; and to facilitate the transfer of sums accordingly.

第十八条

（ａ）戦争状態の介在は，戦争状態の存在前に存在した債務及び契約（債権に関するものを含む。）並びに戦争状態の存在前に取得された権利から生ずる金銭債務で，日本国の政府若しくは国民が連合国の一国の政府若しくは国民に対して，又は連合国の一国の政府若しくは国民が日本国の政府若しくは国民に対して負つているものを支払う義務に影響を及ぼさなかつたものと認める。戦争状態の介在は，また，戦争状態の存在前に財産の滅失若しくは損害又は身体損害若しくは死亡に関して生じた請求権で，連合国の一国の政府が日本国政府に対して，又は日本国政府が連合国政府のいずれかに対して提起し又は再提起するものの当否を審議する義務に影響を及ぼすものとみなしてはならない。この頃の規定は第十四条によつて与えられる権利を害するものではない。

（ｂ）日本国は，日本国の戦前の対外債務に関する責任と日本国が責任を負うと後に宣言された団体の債務に関する責任とを確認する。また，日本国は，これらの債務の支払再開に関して債権者とすみやかに交渉を開始し，他の戦前の請求権及び債務に関する交渉を促進し，且つ，これに応じて金額の支払を容易にする意図を表明する。

Article 19

(a) Japan waives all claims of Japan and its nationals against the Allied Powers and their nationals arising out of the war or out of actions taken because of the existence of a state of war, and waives all claims arising from the presence, operations or actions of forces or authorities of any of the Allied Powers in Japanese territory prior to the coming into force of the present Treaty.

(b) The foregoing waiver includes any claims arising out of actions taken by any of the Allied Powers with respect to Japanese ships between September l, 1939, and the coming into force of the present Treaty, as well as any claims and debts arising in respect to Japanese prisoners of war and civilian internees in the hands of the Allied Powers, but does not include Japanese claims specifically recognized in the laws of any Allied Power enacted since September 2, 1945.

(c) Subject to reciprocal renunciation, the Japanese Government also renounces all claims (including debts) against Germany and German nationals on behalf of the Japanese Government and Japanese nationals, including inter-governmental claims and claims for loss or damage sustained during the war, but excepting (a) claims in respect of contracts entered into and rights acquired before September 1, 1939, and (b) claims arising out of trade and financial relations between Japan and Germany after September 2, 1945. Such renunciation shall not prejudice actions taken in accordance with Articles 16 and 20 of the present Treaty.

(d) Japan recognizes the validity of all acts and omissions done during the period of occupation under or in consequence of directives of the occupation authorities or authorized by Japanese law at that time, and will take no action subjecting Allied nationals to civil or criminal liability arising out of such acts or omissions.

第十九条

（ａ）日本国は，戦争から生じ，又は戦争状態が存在したためにとられた行動から生じた連合国及びその国民に対する日本国及びその国民のすべての請求権を放棄し，且つ，この条約の効力発生の前に日本国領域におけるいずれかの連合国の軍隊又は当局の存在，職務遂行又は行動から生じたすべての請求権を放棄する。

（ｂ）前記の放棄には，千九百三十九年九月一日からこの条約の効力発生までの間に日本国の船舶に関していずれかの連合国がとつた行動から生じた請求権並びに連合国の手中にある日本人捕虜及び非拘留者に関して生じた請求権及び債権が含まれる。但し，千九百四十五年九月二日以後いずれかの連合国が制定した法律で特に認められた日本人の請求権を含まない。

（ｃ）相互放棄を条件として，日本国政府は，また，政府間の請求権及び戦争中に受けた滅失又は損害に関する請求権を含むドイツ及びドイツ国民に対するすべての請求権（債権を含む。）を日本国政府及び日本国民のために放棄する。但し，（ａ）千九百三十九年九月一日前に締結された契約及び取得された権利に関する請求権並びに（ｂ）千九百四十五年九月二日後に日本国とドイツとの間の貿易及び金融の関係から生じた請求権を除く。この放棄は，この条約の第十六条及び第二十条に従つてとられる行動を害するものではない。

（ｄ）日本国は，占領期間中に占領当局の指令に基づいて若しくはその結果として行われ，又は当時の日本国の法律によつて許可されたすべての作為又は不作為から生ずる民事又は刑事の責任に問ういかなる行動もとらないものとする。

Article 20

Japan will take all necessary measures to ensure such disposition of German assets in Japan as has been or may be determined by those powers entitled under the Protocol of the proceedings of the Berlin Conference of 1945 to dispose of those assets, and pending the final disposition of such assets will be responsible for the conservation and administration thereof.

第二十条

日本国は，千九百四十五年のベルリン会議の議事の議定書に基いてドイツ財産を処分する権利を有する諸国が決定した又は決定する日本国にあるドイツ財産の処分を確実にするために，すべての必要な措置をとり，これらの財産の最終的処分が行なわれるまで，その保存及び管理について責任を負うものとする。

Article 21

Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 25 of the present Treaty, China shall be entitled to the benefits of Articles 10 and 14 (a) 2; and Korea to the benefits of Articles 2, 4, 9 and 12 of the present Treaty.

第二十一条

この条約の第二十五条の規定にかかわらず，中国は，第十条及び第十四条（ａ）２の利益を受ける権利を有し，朝鮮は，この条約の第二条，第四条，第九条及び第十二条の利益を受ける権利を有する。

Article 22

If in the opinion of any Party to the present Treaty there has arisen a dispute concerning the interpretation or execution of the Treaty, which is not settled by reference to a special claims tribunal or by other agreed means, the dispute shall, at the request of any party thereto, be referred for decision to the International Court of Justice. Japan and those Allied Powers which are not already parties to the Statute of the International Court of Justice will deposit with the Registrar of the Court, at the time of their respective ratifications of the present Treaty, and in conformity with the resolution of the United Nations Security Council, dated October 15, 1946, a general declaration accepting the jurisdiction, without special agreement, of the Court generally in respect to all disputes of the character referred to in this Article.

第二十二条

この条約のいずれかの当事国が特別請求権裁判所への付託又は他の合意された方法で解決されない条約の解釈又は実施に関する紛争が生じたと認めるときは，紛争は，いずれかの紛争当事国の要請により，国際司法裁判所に決定のため付託しなければならない。日本国及びまだ国際司法裁判所規程の当事国でない連合国は，それぞれがこの条約を批准する時に，且つ，千九百四十六年十月十五日の国際連合安全保障理事会の決議に従つて，この条に掲げた性質をもつすべての紛争に関して一般的に同裁判所の管轄権を特別の合意なしに受諾する一般的宣言書を同裁判所書記に寄託するものとする。

Article 23

(a) The present Treaty shall be ratified by the States which sign it, including Japan, and will come into force for all the States which have then ratified it, when instruments of ratification have been deposited by Japan and by a majority, including the United States of America as the principal occupying Power, of the following States, namely Australia, Canada, Ceylon, France, Indonesia, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Republic of the Philippines, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. The present Treaty shall come into force for each State which subsequently ratifies it, on the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification.

(b) If the Treaty has not come into force within nine months after the date of the deposit of Japan's ratification, any State which has ratified it may bring the Treaty into force between itself and Japan by a notification to that effect given to the Governments of Japan and the United States of America not later than three years after the date of deposit of Japan's ratification.

第二十三条

（ａ）この条約は，日本国を含めて，これに署名する国によつて批准されなければならない。この条約は，批准書が日本国により，且つ，主たる占領国としてのアメリカ合衆国を含めて，次の諸国，すなわちオーストラリア，カナダ，セイロン，フランス，インドネシア，オランダ，ニュー・ジーランド，パキスタン，フィリピン，グレート・ブリテン及び北部アイルランド連合王国及びアメリカ合衆国の過半数により寄託された時に，その時に批准しているすべての国に関して効力を生ずる。この条約は，その後これを批准する各国に関しては，その批准書の寄託の日に効力を生ずる。

（ｂ）この条約が日本国の批准書の寄託の日の後九箇月以内に効力を生じなかつたときは，これを批准した国は，日本国の批准書の寄託の日の後三年以内に日本国政府及びアメリカ合衆国政府にその旨を通告して，自国と日本国との間にこの条約の効力を生じさせることができる。

Article 24

All instruments of ratification shall be deposited with the Government of the United States of America which will notify all the signatory States of each such deposit, of the date of the coming into force of the Treaty under paragraph (a) of Article 23, and of any notifications made under paragraph (b) of Article 23.

第二十四条

すべての批准書は，アメリカ合衆国政府に寄託しなければならない。同政府は，この寄託，第二十三条（ａ）に基くこの条約の効力発生の日及びこの条約の第二十三条（ｂ）に基いて行われる通告をすべての署名国に通告する。

Article 25

For the purposes of the present Treaty the Allied Powers shall be the States at war with Japan, or any State which previously formed a part of the territory of a State named in Article 23, provided that in each case the State concerned has signed and ratified the Treaty. Subject to the provisions of Article 21, the present Treaty shall not confer any rights, titles or benefits on any State which is not an Allied Power as herein defined; nor shall any right, title or interest of Japan be deemed to be diminished or prejudiced by any provision of the Treaty in favor of a State which is not an Allied Power as so defined.

第二十五条

この条約の適用上，連合国とは，日本国と戦争していた国又は以前に第二十三条に列記する国の領域の一部をなしていたものをいう。但し，各場合に当該国がこの条約に署名し且つこれを批准したことを条件とする。第二十一条の規定を留保して，この条約は，ここに定義された連合国の一国でないいずれの国に対しても，いかなる権利，権原又は利益も与えるものではない。また，日本国のいかなる権利，権原又は利益も，この条約のいかなる規定によつても前記のとおり定義された連合国の一国でない国のために減損され，又は害されるものとみなしてはならない。

Article 26

Japan will be prepared to conclude with any State which signed or adhered to the United Nations Declaration of January 1, 1942, and which is at war with Japan, or with any State which previously formed a part of the territory of a State named in Article 23, which is not a signatory of the present Treaty, a bilateral Treaty of Peace on the same or substantially the same terms as are provided for in the present Treaty, but this obligation on the part of Japan will expire three years after the first coming into force of the present Treaty. Should Japan make a peace settlement or war claims settlement with any State granting that State greater advantages than those provided by the present Treaty, those same advantages shall be extended to the parties to the present Treaty.

第二十六条

日本国は，千九百四十二年一月一日の連合国宣言に署名し若しくは加入しており且つ日本国に対して戦争状態にある国又は以前に第二十三条に列記する国の領域の一部をなしていた国で，この条約の署名国でないものと，この条約に定めるところと同一の又は実質的に同一の条件で二国間の平和条約を締結する用意を有すべきものとする。但し，この日本国の義務は，この条約の最初の効力発生の後三年で満了する。日本国が，いずれかの国との間で，この条約で定めるところよりも大きな利益をその国に与える平和処理又は戦争請求権処理を行つたときは，これと同一の利益は，この条約の当事国にも及ぼさなければならない。

Article 27

The present Treaty shall be deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America which shall furnish each signatory State with a certified copy thereof.

IN FAITH WHEREOF the undersigned Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty.

DONE at the city of San Francisco this eighth day of September, 1951, in the English, French and Spanish languages, all being equally authentic, and in the Japanese language.

(signatures omitted)

第二十七条

この条約は，アメリカ合衆国政府の記録に寄託する。同政府は，その認証謄本を各署名国に交付する。

以上の証拠として，下名の全権委員は，この条約に署名した。千九百五十一年九月八日にサン・フランシスコ市で，ひとしく正文である英語，フランス語及びスペイン語により，並びに日本国により作成した。

（全権委員署名略）

PART III.

POLITICAL CLAUSES FOR EUROPE.

Section I.

BELGIUM.

Article 31.

Germany, recognising that the Treaties of April 19, 1839, which established the status of Belgium before the war, no longer conform to the requirements of the situation, consents to the abrogation of the said Treaties and undertakes immediately to recognise and to observe whatever conventions may be entered into by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, or by any of them, in concert with the Governments of Belgium and of the Netherlands, to replace the said Treaties of 1839. If her formal adhesions should be required to such conventions or to any of their stipulations, Germany undertakes immediately to give it.

Article 32.

Germany recognises the full sovereignty of Belgium over the whole of the contested territory of Moresnet (called Moresnet neutre).

Article 33.

Germany renounces in favour of Belgium all rights and title over the territory of Prussian Moresnet situated on the west of the road from Liége to Aix-la-Chapelle; the road will belong to Belgium where it bounds this territory.

Article 34.

Germany renounces in favour of Belgium all rights and title over the territory comprising the whole of the Kreise of Eupen and of Malmedy.

During the six months after the coming into force of this Treaty, registers will be opened by the Belgian authority at Eupen and Malmedy in which the inhabitants of the above territory will be entitled to record in writing a desire to see the whole or part of it remain under German sovereignty.

The results of this public expression of opinion will be communicated by the Belgian Government to the League of Nations, and Belgium undertakes to accept the decision of the League.

Article 35.

A Commission of seven persons, five of whom will be appointed by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, one by Germany and one by Belgium, will be set up fifteen days after the coming into force of the present Treaty to settle on the spot the new frontier line between Belgium and Germany, taking into account the economic factors and the means of communication.

Decisions will be taken by a majority and will be binding on the parties concerned.

Article 36.

When the transfer of the sovereignty over the territories referred to above has become definite, German nationals habitually resident in the territories will definitively acquire Belgian nationality [nationalité belge] ipso facto, and will lose their German nationality [nationalité allemande].

Nevertheless, German nationals [ressortissants allemands] who became resident in the territories after 1 August 1914, shall not obtain Belgian nationality without a permit from the Belgian Government.

Article 37.

Within the two years following the definitive transfer of the sovereignty over the territories assigned to Belgium under the present Treaty, German nationals over 18 years of age habitually resident in those territories will be entitled to opt for German nationality.

Option by a husband will cover his wife, and option by parents will cover their children under 18 years of age. Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must within the ensuing twelve months transfer their place of residence to Germany.

They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in the territories acquired by Belgium. They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

Article 38.

The German Government will hand over without delay to the Belgian Government the archives, registers, plans, title deeds and documents of every kind concerning the civil, military, financial, judicial or other administrations in the territory transferred to Belgian sovereignty. The German Government will likewise restore to the Belgian Government the archives and documents of every kind carried off during the war by the German authorities from the Belgian public administrations, in particular from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Brussels.

Article 39.

The proportion and nature of the financial liabilities of Germany and of Prussia with Belgium will have to bear on account of the territories ceded to her shall be fixed in conformity with Articles 254 and 256 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.

[ Pages 55-59]

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Section II. LUXEMBURG. [ Omitted. ]

Section III. LEFT BANK OF THE RHINE. [ Omitted. ]

Section IV.

SAAR BASIN.

Article 45.

As compensation for the destruction of the coal-mines in the north of France and as part payment towards the total reparation due from Germany for the damage resulting from the war, Germany cedes to France in full and absolute possession, with exclusive rights of exploitation, unencumbered and free from all debts and charges of any kind, the coal-mines situated in the Saar Basin as defined in Article 48.

[ Articles 46-50 omitted. ]

ANNEX.

CHAPTER II.

27.

The present stipulation will not affect the existing nationality of the inhabitants of the territory of the Saar Basin.

No hindrance shall be placed in the way of those who wish to acquire a different nationality, but in such case the acquisition of the new nationality will involve the loss of any other.

[ Only Article 27 of Chapter II of Annex has been shown here. ]

[ Rest of Annex omitted. ]

[ Pages 63-93 ]

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Section V.

ALSACE-LORRAINE.

The HIGH CONTRACTING PARTIES, recognising the moral obligation to redress the wrong done by Germany in 1871 both to the rights of France and to the wishes of the population of Alsace and Lorraine, which were separated from their country in spite of the solemn protest of their representatives at the Assembly of Bordeaux,

Agree upon the following Articles:

Article 5l.

The territories which were ceded to Germany in accordance with the Preliminaries of Peace signed at Versailles on February 26, 187l, and the Treaty of Frankfort of May 10, 1871, are restored to French sovereignty as from the date of the Armistice of November 11, 1918.

The provisions of the Treaties establishing the delimitation of the frontiers before 1871 shall be restored.

Article 52.

The German Government shall hand over without delay to the French Government all archives, registers, plans, titles and documents of every kind concerning the civil, military, financial, judicial or other administrations of the territories restored to French sovereignty. If any of these documents, archives, registers, titles or plans nave been misplaced, they will be restored by the German Government on the demand of the French Government.

Article 53.

Separate agreements shall be made between France and Germany dealing with the interests of the inhabitants of the territories referred to in Article 51, particularly as regards their civil rights, their business and the exercise of their professions, it being understood that Germany undertakes as from the present date to recognise and accept the regulations laid down in the Annex hereto regarding the nationality of the inhabitants or natives of the said territories, not to claim at any time or in any place whatsoever as German nationals those who shall have been declared on any ground to be French, to receive all others in her territory, and to conform, as regards the property of German nationals in the territories indicated in Article 51, with the provisions of Article 297 and the Annex to Section IV of Part X (Economic Clauses) of the present Treaty.

Those German nationals who without acquiring French nationality shall receive permission from the French Government to reside in the said territories shall not be subjected to the provisions of the said Article.

Article 54.

Those persons who have regained French nationality in virtue of paragraph 1 of the Annex hereto will be held to be Alsace-Lorrainers for the purposes of the present Section.

The persons referred to in paragraph 2 of the said Annex will from the day on which they have claimed French nationality be held to be Alsace-Lorrainers with retroactive effect as from November 11, 1918. For those whose application is rejected, the privilege will terminate at the date of the refusal.

Such juridical persons will also have the status of Alsace-Lorrainers as shall have been recognised as possessing this quality whether by the French administrative authorities or by a judicial decision.

[ Articles 55-78 omitted. ]

Article 79.

The stipulations as to nationality contained in the Annex hereto shall be considered as of equal force with the provisions of the present Section.

All other questions concerning Alsace-Lorraine which are not regulated by the present Section and the Annex thereto or by the general provisions of the present Treaty will form the subject of further conventions between France and Germany.

ANNEX.

1.

As from 11 November 1918, the following persons are ipso facto reinstated in French nationality:

(1) Persons who lost French nationality by the application of the Franco-German Treaty of 10 May 1871, and who have not since that date acquired any nationality other than German;

(2) The legitimate or natural descendants of the persons referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph, with the exception of those whose ascendants in the paternal line include a German who migrated into Alsace-Lorraine after 15 July 1870;

(3) All persons born in Alsace-Lorraine of unknown parents, or whose nationality is unknown.

2.

Within the period of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty, persons included in any of the following categories may claim French nationality:

(1) All persons not restored to French nationality under paragraph 1 above, whose ascendants include a Frenchman or Frenchwoman who lost French nationality under the conditions referred to in the said paragraph;

(2) All foreigners, not nationals of a German State, who acquired the status of a citizen of Alsace-Lorraine before 3 August 1914;

(3) All Germans domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine, if they have been so domiciled since a date previous to 15 July 1870, or if one of their ascendants was at that date domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine;

(4) All Germans born or domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine who have served in the Allied or Associated armies during the present war, and their descendants;

(5) All persons born in Alsace-Lorraine before 10 May 1871, of foreign parents, and the descendants of such persons;

(6) The husband or wife of any person whose French nationality may have been restored under paragraph 1, or who may have claimed and obtained French nationality in accordance with the preceding provisions.

The legal representative of a minor may exercise, on behalf of that minor, the right to claim French nationality; and if that right has not been exercised, the minor may claim French nationality within the year following his majority.

Except in the cases provided for in No. (6) of the present paragraph, the French authorities reserve to themselves the right, in individual cases, to reject the claim to French nationality.

3.

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2, Germans born or domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine shall not acquire French nationality by reason of the restoration of Alsace-Lorraine to France, even though they may have the status of citizens of Alsace-Lorraine.

They may acquire French nationality only by naturalisation, on condition of having been domiciled in Alsace-Lorraine from a date previous to 3 August 1914, and of submitting proof of unbroken residence within the restored territory for a period of three years from 11 November 1918.

France will be solely responsible for their diplomatic and consular protection from the date of their application for French naturalisation.

4.

The French Government shall determine the procedure by which reinstatement in French nationality as of right shall be effected, and the conditions under which decisions shall be given upon claims to such nationality and applications for naturalisation, as provided by the present Annex.

[ Pages 93-117 ]

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Section VI.

AUSTRIA.

Article 80.

Germany acknowledges and will respect strictly the independence of Austria, within the frontiers which may be fixed in a Treaty between that State and the Principal Allied and Associated Powers; she agrees that this independence shall be inalienable, except with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations.

[ This section has only this one article. ]

[ Page 117 ]

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Section VII.

CZECHO-SLOVAK STATE.

Article 81.

Germany, in conformity with the action already taken by the Allied and Associated Powers, recognises the complete independence of the Czecho-Slovak State which will include the autonomous territory of the Ruthenians to the south of the Carpathians. Germany hereby recognises the frontiers of this State as determined by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers and the other interested States.

Article 82.

The old frontier as it existed on August 3, 1914, between Austria-Hungary and the German Empire will constitute the frontier between Germany and the Czecho-Slovak State.

Article 83.

Germany renounces in favour of the Czecho-Slovak State all rights and title over the portion of Silesian territory defined as follows:

starting from a point about 2 kilometres south-east of Katscher, on the boundary between the Kreise of Leobschūtz and Ratibor: the boundary between the two Kreise;

then, the former boundary between Germany and Austria-Hungary up to a point on the Oder immediately to the south of the Ratibor-Oderberg railway;

thence, towards the north-west and up to a point about 2 kilometres to the south-east of Katscher:

a line to be fixed on the spot passing to the west of Kranowitz.

A Commission composed of seven members, five nominated by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers, one by Poland and one by the Czecho-Slovak State, will be appointed fifteen days after the coming into force of the present Treaty to trace on the spot the frontier line between Poland and the Czecho-Slovak State.

The decisions of this Commission will be taken by a majority and shall be binding on the parties concerned.

Germany hereby agrees to renounce in favour of the Czecho-Slovak State all rights and title over the part of the Kreis of Leobschūtz comprised within the following boundaries in case after the determination of the frontier between Germany and Poland the said part of that Kreis should become isolated from Germany:

from the south-eastern extremity of the salient of the former Austrian frontier at about 5 kilometres to the west of Leobschūtz southwards and up to the point of junction with the boundary between the Kreise of Leobschūtz and Ratibor:

the former frontier between Germany and Austria-Hungary;

then, northwards, the administrative boundary between the Kreise of Leobschūtz and Ratibor up to a point situated about 2 kilometres to the south-east of Katscher;

thence, north-westwards and up to the starting-point of this definition:

a line to be fixed on the spot passing to the east of Katscher.

Article 84.

German nationals habitually resident in any of the territories recognised as forming part of the Czecho-Slovak State will obtain Czecho-Slovak nationality ipso facto and lose their German nationality.

Article 85.

Within a period of two years from the coming into force of the present Treaty, German nationals over eighteen years of age habitually resident in any of the territories recognized as forming part of the Czecho-Slovak State will be entitled to opt for German nationality. Czecho-Slovaks who are German nationals and are habitually resident in Germany will have a similar right to opt for Czecho-Slovak nationality.

Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children under eighteen years of age.

Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must within the succeeding twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State for which they have opted. They will be entitled to retain their landed property in the territory of the other State where they had their place of residence before exercising the right to opt. They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

Within the same period Czecho-Slovaks, who are German nationals and are in a foreign country will be entitled, in the absence of any provisions to the contrary in the foreign law, and if they have not acquired the foreign nationality, to obtain Czecho-Slovak nationality and lose their German nationality by complying with the requirements laid down by the Czecho-Slovak State.

Article 86.

The Czecho-Slovak State accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the Principal Allied and Associated Powers such provisions as may be deemed necessary by the said Powers to protect the interests of inhabitants of that State who differ from the majority of the population in race, language, or religion.

The Czecho-Slovak State further accepts and agrees to embody in a Treaty with the said Powers such provisions as they may deem necessary to protect freedom of transit and equitable treatment of the commerce of other nations.

The proportion and nature of the financial obligations of Germany and Prussia which the Czecho-Slovak State will have to assume on account of the Silesian territory placed under its sovereignty will be determined in accordance with Article 254 of Part IX (Financial Clauses) of the present Treaty.

Subsequent agreements will decide all questions not decided by the present Treaty which may arise in consequence of the cession of the said territory.

[ Pages 119-123 ]

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Section VIII.

POLAND.

[ Articles 87-90 and Annex omitted. ]

Article 91.

German nationals habitually resident in territories recognised as forming part of Poland will acquire Polish nationality ipso facto and will lose their German nationality.

German nationals, however, or their descendants who became resident in these territories after 1 January 1908, will not acquire Polish nationality without a special authorisation from the Polish State.

Within a period of two years after the coming into force of the present Treaty, German nationals over 18 years of age habitually resident in any of the territories recognised as forming part of Poland will be entitled to opt for German nationality.

Poles who are German nationals over 18 years of age and habitually resident in Germany will have a similar right to opt for Polish nationality.

Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children under 18 years of age.

Persons who have exercised the above right to opt may within the succeeding twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State for which they have opted.

They will be entitled to retain their immovable property in the territory of the other State where they had their place of residence before exercising the right to opt.

They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties or charges may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

Within the same period Poles who are German nationals and are in a foreign country will be entitled, in the absence of any provisions to the contrary in the foreign law, and if they have not acquired the foreign nationality, to obtain Polish nationality and to lose their German nationality by complying with the requirements laid down by the Polish State.

In the portion of Upper Silesia submitted to a plebiscite the provisions of this Article shall only come into force as from the definitive attribution of the territory.

[Articles 92-94 omitted. ]

[ Pages 123-140 ]

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Section XIV. EAST PRUSSIA. [ Omitted. ]

Section X.

MEMEL.

Article 99.

Germany renounces in favour of the Principal Allied and Associated Powers all rights and title over the territories included between the Baltic, the north-eastern frontier of East Prussia as defined in Article 28 of Part II (Boundaries of Germany) of the present Treaty and the former frontier between Germany and Russia.

Germany undertakes to accept the settlement made by the Principal Allied and Associated Powers in regard to these territories, particularly in so far as concerns the nationality of the inhabitants.

[ This section has only this one article. ]

[ Pages 147-149 ]

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Section XI.

FREE CITY OF DANZIG.

[ Articles 100-104 omitted. ]

Article 105.

On the coming into force of the present Treaty German nationals ordinarily resident in the territory described in Article 100 will ipso facto lose their German nationality in order to become nationals of the Free City of Danzig.

Article 106.

Within a period of two years from the coming into force of the present Treaty, German nationals over 18 years of age ordinarily resident in the territory described in Article 100 will have the right to opt for German nationality.

Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children less than 18 years of age.

All persons who exercise the right of option referred to above must during the ensuing twelve months transfer their place of residence to Germany.

These persons will be entitled to preserve the immovable property possessed by them in the territory of the Free City of Danzig. They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties shall be imposed upon upon them in this connection.

[ Articles 107-108 omitted. ]

[ Pages 149-155 ]

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Section XII.

SCHLESWIG.

[ Articles 109-111 omitted. ]

Article 112.

All the inhabitants of the territory which is returned to Denmark will acquire Danish nationality ipso facto, and will lose their German nationality.

Persons, however, who had become habitually resident in this territory after 1 October 1918, will not be able to acquire Danish nationality without permission from the Danish Government.

Article 113.

Within two years from the date on which the sovereignty over the whole or part of the territory of Schleswig subjected to the plebiscite is restored to Denmark:

Any person over 18 years of age, born in the territory restored to Denmark not habitually resident in this region, and possessing German nationality, will be entitled to opt for Denmark;

Any person over 18 years of age habitually resident in the territory restored to Denmark will be entitled to opt for Germany.

Option by a husband will cover his wife and option by parents will cover their children less than 18 years of age.

Persons who have exercised the above right to opt must within the ensuing twelve months transfer their place of residence to the State in favour of which they have opted.

They will be entitled to retain the immovable property which they own in the territory of the other State in which they were habitually resident before opting. They may carry with them their movable property of every description. No export or import duties may be imposed upon them in connection with the removal of such property.

[ Article 114 omitted. ]

[ Pages 155-165 ]

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Section XIII. HELIGOLAND. [ Omitted. ]

Section XIV. RUSSIA AND RUSSIAN STATES. [ Omitted. ]

PART II

POLITICAL CLAUSES

SECTION II: NATIONALITY, CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS

Article 19

1. Italian citizens who were domiciled on 10 June 1940 in territory transferred by Italy to another State under the present Treaty, and their children born after that date, shall, except as provided in the following paragraph, become citizens with full civil and political rights of the State to which the territory is transferred, in accordance with legislation to that effect to be introduced by that State within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty. Upon becoming citizens of the State concerned they shall lose their Italian citizenship.

2. The Government of the State to which the territory is transferred shall, by appropriate legislation within three months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, provide that all persons referred to in paragraph 1 over the age of eighteen years (or married persons whether under or over that age) whose customary language is Italian, shall be entitled to opt for Italian citizenship within a period of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty. Any person so opting shall retain Italian citizenship and shall not be considered to have acquired the citizenship of the State to which the territory is transferred. The option of the husband shall not constitute an option on the part of the wife. Option on the part of the father, or, if the father is not alive, on the part of the mother, shall, however, automatically include all unmarried children under the age of eighteen years.

3. The State to which the territory is transferred may require those who take advantage of the option to move to Italy within a year from the date when the option was exercised.

4. The State to which the territory is transferred shall, in accordance with its fundamental laws, secure to all persons within the territory, without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion, the enjoyment of human rights and of the fundamental freedoms, including freedom of expression, of press and publication, of religious worship, of political opinion and of public meeting.

Article 20

1. Within a period of one year from the coming into force of the present Treaty, Italian citizens over 18 years of age (or married persons whether under or over that age), whose customary language is one of the Yugoslav languages (Serb, Croat or Slovene), and who are domiciled on Italian territory may, upon filing a request with a Yugoslav diplomatic or consular representative in Italy, acquire Yugoslav nationality if the Yugoslav authorities accept their request.

2. In such cases, the Yugoslav Government will communicate to the Italian Government through the diplomatic channel lists of the persons who have thus acquired Yugoslav nationality. The persons mentioned in such lists will lose their Italian nationality on the date of such official communication.

3. The Italian Government may require such persons to transfer their residence to Yugoslavia within a period of one year from the date of such official communication.

4. For the purposes of this Article, the rules relating to the effect of options on wives and on children, set forth in Article 19, paragraph 2, shall apply.

5. The provisions of Annex XIV, paragraph 10 of the present Treaty, applying to the transfer of properties belonging to persons who opt for Italian nationality, shall equally apply to the transfer of properties belonging to persons who opt for Yugoslav nationality under this Article.